Malicious web application requests linked with Microsoft Defender for Endpoint formerly Microsoft Defender ATP alerts

let alertTimeWindow = 1h;
let logTimeWindow = 7d;
// Define script extensions that suit your web application environment - a sample are provided below
let scriptExtensions = dynamic([".php", ".jsp", ".js", ".aspx", ".asmx", ".asax", ".cfm", ".shtml"]);
let alertData = materialize(SecurityAlert
| where TimeGenerated > ago(alertTimeWindow)
| where ProviderName == "MDATP"
// Parse and expand the alert JSON
| extend alertData = parse_json(Entities)
| mvexpand alertData);
let fileData = alertData
// Extract web script files from MDATP alerts - our malicious web scripts - candidate webshells
| where alertData.Type =~ "file"
| where alertData.Name has_any(scriptExtensions)
| extend FileName = tostring(alertData.Name), Directory = tostring(alertData.Directory);
let hostData = alertData
// Extract server details from alerts and map to alert id
| where alertData.Type =~ "host"
| project HostName = tostring(alertData.HostName), DnsDomain = tostring(alertData.DnsDomain), SystemAlertId
| distinct HostName, DnsDomain, SystemAlertId;
// Join the files on their impacted servers
let webshellData = fileData
| join kind=inner (hostData) on SystemAlertId
| project TimeGenerated, FileName, Directory, HostName, DnsDomain;
webshellData
| join (
// Find requests that were made to this file on the impacted server in the W3CIISLog table
W3CIISLog
| where TimeGenerated > ago(logTimeWindow)
// Restrict to accesses to script extensions
| where csUriStem has_any(scriptExtensions)
| extend splitUriStem = split(csUriStem, "/")
| extend FileName = splitUriStem[-1], HostName = sComputerName
// Summarize potential attacker activity
| summarize count(), StartTime=min(TimeGenerated), EndTime=max(TimeGenerated), RequestUserAgents=make_set(csUserAgent), ReqestMethods=make_set(csMethod), RequestStatusCodes=make_set(scStatus), RequestCookies=make_set(csCookie), RequestReferers=make_set(csReferer), RequestQueryStrings=make_set(csUriQuery) by AttackerIP=cIP, SiteName=sSiteName, ShellLocation=csUriStem, tostring(FileName), HostName
) on FileName, HostName
| project StartTime, EndTime, AttackerIP, RequestUserAgents, Computer = HostName, SiteName, ShellLocation, ReqestMethods, RequestStatusCodes, RequestCookies, RequestReferers, RequestQueryStrings, RequestCount = count_
| extend HostName = tostring(split(Computer, ".")[0]), DomainIndex = toint(indexof(Computer, '.'))
| extend HostNameDomain = iff(DomainIndex != -1, substring(Computer, DomainIndex + 1), Computer)

id: fbfbf530-506b-49a4-81ad-4030885a195c
tactics:
- Persistence
queryPeriod: 7d
metadata:
  categories:
    domains:
    - Security - Others
  source:
    kind: Scheduled
  support:
    tier: Community
  author:
    name: Microsoft Security Research
triggerThreshold: 0
name: Malicious web application requests linked with Microsoft Defender for Endpoint (formerly Microsoft Defender ATP) alerts
query: |
  let alertTimeWindow = 1h;
  let logTimeWindow = 7d;
  // Define script extensions that suit your web application environment - a sample are provided below
  let scriptExtensions = dynamic([".php", ".jsp", ".js", ".aspx", ".asmx", ".asax", ".cfm", ".shtml"]);
  let alertData = materialize(SecurityAlert
  | where TimeGenerated > ago(alertTimeWindow)
  | where ProviderName == "MDATP"
  // Parse and expand the alert JSON
  | extend alertData = parse_json(Entities)
  | mvexpand alertData);
  let fileData = alertData
  // Extract web script files from MDATP alerts - our malicious web scripts - candidate webshells
  | where alertData.Type =~ "file"
  | where alertData.Name has_any(scriptExtensions)
  | extend FileName = tostring(alertData.Name), Directory = tostring(alertData.Directory);
  let hostData = alertData
  // Extract server details from alerts and map to alert id
  | where alertData.Type =~ "host"
  | project HostName = tostring(alertData.HostName), DnsDomain = tostring(alertData.DnsDomain), SystemAlertId
  | distinct HostName, DnsDomain, SystemAlertId;
  // Join the files on their impacted servers
  let webshellData = fileData
  | join kind=inner (hostData) on SystemAlertId
  | project TimeGenerated, FileName, Directory, HostName, DnsDomain;
  webshellData
  | join (
  // Find requests that were made to this file on the impacted server in the W3CIISLog table
  W3CIISLog
  | where TimeGenerated > ago(logTimeWindow)
  // Restrict to accesses to script extensions
  | where csUriStem has_any(scriptExtensions)
  | extend splitUriStem = split(csUriStem, "/")
  | extend FileName = splitUriStem[-1], HostName = sComputerName
  // Summarize potential attacker activity
  | summarize count(), StartTime=min(TimeGenerated), EndTime=max(TimeGenerated), RequestUserAgents=make_set(csUserAgent), ReqestMethods=make_set(csMethod), RequestStatusCodes=make_set(scStatus), RequestCookies=make_set(csCookie), RequestReferers=make_set(csReferer), RequestQueryStrings=make_set(csUriQuery) by AttackerIP=cIP, SiteName=sSiteName, ShellLocation=csUriStem, tostring(FileName), HostName
  ) on FileName, HostName
  | project StartTime, EndTime, AttackerIP, RequestUserAgents, Computer = HostName, SiteName, ShellLocation, ReqestMethods, RequestStatusCodes, RequestCookies, RequestReferers, RequestQueryStrings, RequestCount = count_
  | extend HostName = tostring(split(Computer, ".")[0]), DomainIndex = toint(indexof(Computer, '.'))
  | extend HostNameDomain = iff(DomainIndex != -1, substring(Computer, DomainIndex + 1), Computer)  
severity: Medium
triggerOperator: gt
kind: Scheduled
relevantTechniques:
- T1505
OriginalUri: https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Web Shells Threat Protection/Analytic Rules/MaliciousAlertLinkedWebRequests.yaml
queryFrequency: 1h
requiredDataConnectors:
- connectorId: MicrosoftDefenderAdvancedThreatProtection
  dataTypes:
  - SecurityAlert
- connectorId: AzureMonitor(IIS)
  dataTypes:
  - W3CIISLog
description: |
  'Takes Microsoft Defender for Endpoint (formerly Microsoft Defender ATP) alerts where web scripts are present in the evidence and correlates with requests made to those scripts in the WCSIISLog to surface new alerts for potentially malicious web request activity.
  The lookback for alerts is set to 1h and the lookback for W3CIISLogs is set to 7d. A sample set of popular web script extensions has been provided in scriptExtensions that should be tailored to your environment.'  
version: 1.0.4
entityMappings:
- fieldMappings:
  - columnName: Computer
    identifier: FullName
  - columnName: HostName
    identifier: HostName
  - columnName: HostNameDomain
    identifier: DnsDomain
  entityType: Host
- fieldMappings:
  - columnName: AttackerIP
    identifier: Address
  entityType: IP

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "workspace": {
      "type": "String"
    }
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "apiVersion": "2024-01-01-preview",
      "id": "[concat(resourceId('Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers', parameters('workspace'), 'Microsoft.SecurityInsights'),'/alertRules/fbfbf530-506b-49a4-81ad-4030885a195c')]",
      "kind": "Scheduled",
      "name": "[concat(parameters('workspace'),'/Microsoft.SecurityInsights/fbfbf530-506b-49a4-81ad-4030885a195c')]",
      "properties": {
        "alertRuleTemplateName": "fbfbf530-506b-49a4-81ad-4030885a195c",
        "customDetails": null,
        "description": "'Takes Microsoft Defender for Endpoint (formerly Microsoft Defender ATP) alerts where web scripts are present in the evidence and correlates with requests made to those scripts in the WCSIISLog to surface new alerts for potentially malicious web request activity.\nThe lookback for alerts is set to 1h and the lookback for W3CIISLogs is set to 7d. A sample set of popular web script extensions has been provided in scriptExtensions that should be tailored to your environment.'\n",
        "displayName": "Malicious web application requests linked with Microsoft Defender for Endpoint (formerly Microsoft Defender ATP) alerts",
        "enabled": true,
        "entityMappings": [
          {
            "entityType": "Host",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "columnName": "Computer",
                "identifier": "FullName"
              },
              {
                "columnName": "HostName",
                "identifier": "HostName"
              },
              {
                "columnName": "HostNameDomain",
                "identifier": "DnsDomain"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "entityType": "IP",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "columnName": "AttackerIP",
                "identifier": "Address"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "OriginalUri": "https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Web Shells Threat Protection/Analytic Rules/MaliciousAlertLinkedWebRequests.yaml",
        "query": "let alertTimeWindow = 1h;\nlet logTimeWindow = 7d;\n// Define script extensions that suit your web application environment - a sample are provided below\nlet scriptExtensions = dynamic([\".php\", \".jsp\", \".js\", \".aspx\", \".asmx\", \".asax\", \".cfm\", \".shtml\"]);\nlet alertData = materialize(SecurityAlert\n| where TimeGenerated > ago(alertTimeWindow)\n| where ProviderName == \"MDATP\"\n// Parse and expand the alert JSON\n| extend alertData = parse_json(Entities)\n| mvexpand alertData);\nlet fileData = alertData\n// Extract web script files from MDATP alerts - our malicious web scripts - candidate webshells\n| where alertData.Type =~ \"file\"\n| where alertData.Name has_any(scriptExtensions)\n| extend FileName = tostring(alertData.Name), Directory = tostring(alertData.Directory);\nlet hostData = alertData\n// Extract server details from alerts and map to alert id\n| where alertData.Type =~ \"host\"\n| project HostName = tostring(alertData.HostName), DnsDomain = tostring(alertData.DnsDomain), SystemAlertId\n| distinct HostName, DnsDomain, SystemAlertId;\n// Join the files on their impacted servers\nlet webshellData = fileData\n| join kind=inner (hostData) on SystemAlertId\n| project TimeGenerated, FileName, Directory, HostName, DnsDomain;\nwebshellData\n| join (\n// Find requests that were made to this file on the impacted server in the W3CIISLog table\nW3CIISLog\n| where TimeGenerated > ago(logTimeWindow)\n// Restrict to accesses to script extensions\n| where csUriStem has_any(scriptExtensions)\n| extend splitUriStem = split(csUriStem, \"/\")\n| extend FileName = splitUriStem[-1], HostName = sComputerName\n// Summarize potential attacker activity\n| summarize count(), StartTime=min(TimeGenerated), EndTime=max(TimeGenerated), RequestUserAgents=make_set(csUserAgent), ReqestMethods=make_set(csMethod), RequestStatusCodes=make_set(scStatus), RequestCookies=make_set(csCookie), RequestReferers=make_set(csReferer), RequestQueryStrings=make_set(csUriQuery) by AttackerIP=cIP, SiteName=sSiteName, ShellLocation=csUriStem, tostring(FileName), HostName\n) on FileName, HostName\n| project StartTime, EndTime, AttackerIP, RequestUserAgents, Computer = HostName, SiteName, ShellLocation, ReqestMethods, RequestStatusCodes, RequestCookies, RequestReferers, RequestQueryStrings, RequestCount = count_\n| extend HostName = tostring(split(Computer, \".\")[0]), DomainIndex = toint(indexof(Computer, '.'))\n| extend HostNameDomain = iff(DomainIndex != -1, substring(Computer, DomainIndex + 1), Computer)\n",
        "queryFrequency": "PT1H",
        "queryPeriod": "P7D",
        "severity": "Medium",
        "subTechniques": [],
        "suppressionDuration": "PT1H",
        "suppressionEnabled": false,
        "tactics": [
          "Persistence"
        ],
        "techniques": [
          "T1505"
        ],
        "templateVersion": "1.0.4",
        "triggerOperator": "GreaterThan",
        "triggerThreshold": 0
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers/alertRules"
    }
  ]
}