Malicious web application requests linked with Microsoft Defender for Endpoint formerly Microsoft Defender ATP alerts

let alertTimeWindow = 1h;
let logTimeWindow = 7d;
// Define script extensions that suit your web application environment - a sample are provided below
let scriptExtensions = dynamic([".php", ".jsp", ".js", ".aspx", ".asmx", ".asax", ".cfm", ".shtml"]);
let alertData = materialize(SecurityAlert
| where TimeGenerated > ago(alertTimeWindow)
| where ProviderName == "MDATP"
// Parse and expand the alert JSON
| extend alertData = parse_json(Entities)
| mvexpand alertData);
let fileData = alertData
// Extract web script files from MDATP alerts - our malicious web scripts - candidate webshells
| where alertData.Type =~ "file"
| where alertData.Name has_any(scriptExtensions)
| extend FileName = tostring(alertData.Name), Directory = tostring(alertData.Directory);
let hostData = alertData
// Extract server details from alerts and map to alert id
| where alertData.Type =~ "host"
| project HostName = tostring(alertData.HostName), DnsDomain = tostring(alertData.DnsDomain), SystemAlertId
| distinct HostName, DnsDomain, SystemAlertId;
// Join the files on their impacted servers
let webshellData = fileData
| join kind=inner (hostData) on SystemAlertId
| project TimeGenerated, FileName, Directory, HostName, DnsDomain;
webshellData
| join (
// Find requests that were made to this file on the impacted server in the W3CIISLog table
W3CIISLog
| where TimeGenerated > ago(logTimeWindow)
// Restrict to accesses to script extensions
| where csUriStem has_any(scriptExtensions)
| extend splitUriStem = split(csUriStem, "/")
| extend FileName = splitUriStem[-1], HostName = sComputerName
// Summarize potential attacker activity
| summarize count(), StartTime=min(TimeGenerated), EndTime=max(TimeGenerated), RequestUserAgents=make_set(csUserAgent), ReqestMethods=make_set(csMethod), RequestStatusCodes=make_set(scStatus), RequestCookies=make_set(csCookie), RequestReferers=make_set(csReferer), RequestQueryStrings=make_set(csUriQuery) by AttackerIP=cIP, SiteName=sSiteName, ShellLocation=csUriStem, tostring(FileName), HostName
) on FileName, HostName
| project StartTime, EndTime, AttackerIP, RequestUserAgents, Computer = HostName, SiteName, ShellLocation, ReqestMethods, RequestStatusCodes, RequestCookies, RequestReferers, RequestQueryStrings, RequestCount = count_
| extend HostName = tostring(split(Computer, ".")[0]), DomainIndex = toint(indexof(Computer, '.'))
| extend HostNameDomain = iff(DomainIndex != -1, substring(Computer, DomainIndex + 1), Computer)

relevantTechniques:
- T1505
name: Malicious web application requests linked with Microsoft Defender for Endpoint (formerly Microsoft Defender ATP) alerts
requiredDataConnectors:
- dataTypes:
  - SecurityAlert
  connectorId: MicrosoftDefenderAdvancedThreatProtection
- dataTypes:
  - W3CIISLog
  connectorId: AzureMonitor(IIS)
entityMappings:
- fieldMappings:
  - identifier: FullName
    columnName: Computer
  - identifier: HostName
    columnName: HostName
  - identifier: DnsDomain
    columnName: HostNameDomain
  entityType: Host
- fieldMappings:
  - identifier: Address
    columnName: AttackerIP
  entityType: IP
triggerThreshold: 0
id: fbfbf530-506b-49a4-81ad-4030885a195c
tactics:
- Persistence
version: 1.0.4
OriginalUri: https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Web Shells Threat Protection/Analytic Rules/MaliciousAlertLinkedWebRequests.yaml
queryPeriod: 7d
kind: Scheduled
metadata:
  categories:
    domains:
    - Security - Others
  author:
    name: Microsoft Security Research
  support:
    tier: Community
  source:
    kind: Scheduled
queryFrequency: 1h
severity: Medium
description: |
  'Takes Microsoft Defender for Endpoint (formerly Microsoft Defender ATP) alerts where web scripts are present in the evidence and correlates with requests made to those scripts in the WCSIISLog to surface new alerts for potentially malicious web request activity.
  The lookback for alerts is set to 1h and the lookback for W3CIISLogs is set to 7d. A sample set of popular web script extensions has been provided in scriptExtensions that should be tailored to your environment.'  
query: |
  let alertTimeWindow = 1h;
  let logTimeWindow = 7d;
  // Define script extensions that suit your web application environment - a sample are provided below
  let scriptExtensions = dynamic([".php", ".jsp", ".js", ".aspx", ".asmx", ".asax", ".cfm", ".shtml"]);
  let alertData = materialize(SecurityAlert
  | where TimeGenerated > ago(alertTimeWindow)
  | where ProviderName == "MDATP"
  // Parse and expand the alert JSON
  | extend alertData = parse_json(Entities)
  | mvexpand alertData);
  let fileData = alertData
  // Extract web script files from MDATP alerts - our malicious web scripts - candidate webshells
  | where alertData.Type =~ "file"
  | where alertData.Name has_any(scriptExtensions)
  | extend FileName = tostring(alertData.Name), Directory = tostring(alertData.Directory);
  let hostData = alertData
  // Extract server details from alerts and map to alert id
  | where alertData.Type =~ "host"
  | project HostName = tostring(alertData.HostName), DnsDomain = tostring(alertData.DnsDomain), SystemAlertId
  | distinct HostName, DnsDomain, SystemAlertId;
  // Join the files on their impacted servers
  let webshellData = fileData
  | join kind=inner (hostData) on SystemAlertId
  | project TimeGenerated, FileName, Directory, HostName, DnsDomain;
  webshellData
  | join (
  // Find requests that were made to this file on the impacted server in the W3CIISLog table
  W3CIISLog
  | where TimeGenerated > ago(logTimeWindow)
  // Restrict to accesses to script extensions
  | where csUriStem has_any(scriptExtensions)
  | extend splitUriStem = split(csUriStem, "/")
  | extend FileName = splitUriStem[-1], HostName = sComputerName
  // Summarize potential attacker activity
  | summarize count(), StartTime=min(TimeGenerated), EndTime=max(TimeGenerated), RequestUserAgents=make_set(csUserAgent), ReqestMethods=make_set(csMethod), RequestStatusCodes=make_set(scStatus), RequestCookies=make_set(csCookie), RequestReferers=make_set(csReferer), RequestQueryStrings=make_set(csUriQuery) by AttackerIP=cIP, SiteName=sSiteName, ShellLocation=csUriStem, tostring(FileName), HostName
  ) on FileName, HostName
  | project StartTime, EndTime, AttackerIP, RequestUserAgents, Computer = HostName, SiteName, ShellLocation, ReqestMethods, RequestStatusCodes, RequestCookies, RequestReferers, RequestQueryStrings, RequestCount = count_
  | extend HostName = tostring(split(Computer, ".")[0]), DomainIndex = toint(indexof(Computer, '.'))
  | extend HostNameDomain = iff(DomainIndex != -1, substring(Computer, DomainIndex + 1), Computer)  
triggerOperator: gt

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "workspace": {
      "type": "String"
    }
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "apiVersion": "2024-01-01-preview",
      "id": "[concat(resourceId('Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers', parameters('workspace'), 'Microsoft.SecurityInsights'),'/alertRules/fbfbf530-506b-49a4-81ad-4030885a195c')]",
      "kind": "Scheduled",
      "name": "[concat(parameters('workspace'),'/Microsoft.SecurityInsights/fbfbf530-506b-49a4-81ad-4030885a195c')]",
      "properties": {
        "alertRuleTemplateName": "fbfbf530-506b-49a4-81ad-4030885a195c",
        "customDetails": null,
        "description": "'Takes Microsoft Defender for Endpoint (formerly Microsoft Defender ATP) alerts where web scripts are present in the evidence and correlates with requests made to those scripts in the WCSIISLog to surface new alerts for potentially malicious web request activity.\nThe lookback for alerts is set to 1h and the lookback for W3CIISLogs is set to 7d. A sample set of popular web script extensions has been provided in scriptExtensions that should be tailored to your environment.'\n",
        "displayName": "Malicious web application requests linked with Microsoft Defender for Endpoint (formerly Microsoft Defender ATP) alerts",
        "enabled": true,
        "entityMappings": [
          {
            "entityType": "Host",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "columnName": "Computer",
                "identifier": "FullName"
              },
              {
                "columnName": "HostName",
                "identifier": "HostName"
              },
              {
                "columnName": "HostNameDomain",
                "identifier": "DnsDomain"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "entityType": "IP",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "columnName": "AttackerIP",
                "identifier": "Address"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "OriginalUri": "https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Web Shells Threat Protection/Analytic Rules/MaliciousAlertLinkedWebRequests.yaml",
        "query": "let alertTimeWindow = 1h;\nlet logTimeWindow = 7d;\n// Define script extensions that suit your web application environment - a sample are provided below\nlet scriptExtensions = dynamic([\".php\", \".jsp\", \".js\", \".aspx\", \".asmx\", \".asax\", \".cfm\", \".shtml\"]);\nlet alertData = materialize(SecurityAlert\n| where TimeGenerated > ago(alertTimeWindow)\n| where ProviderName == \"MDATP\"\n// Parse and expand the alert JSON\n| extend alertData = parse_json(Entities)\n| mvexpand alertData);\nlet fileData = alertData\n// Extract web script files from MDATP alerts - our malicious web scripts - candidate webshells\n| where alertData.Type =~ \"file\"\n| where alertData.Name has_any(scriptExtensions)\n| extend FileName = tostring(alertData.Name), Directory = tostring(alertData.Directory);\nlet hostData = alertData\n// Extract server details from alerts and map to alert id\n| where alertData.Type =~ \"host\"\n| project HostName = tostring(alertData.HostName), DnsDomain = tostring(alertData.DnsDomain), SystemAlertId\n| distinct HostName, DnsDomain, SystemAlertId;\n// Join the files on their impacted servers\nlet webshellData = fileData\n| join kind=inner (hostData) on SystemAlertId\n| project TimeGenerated, FileName, Directory, HostName, DnsDomain;\nwebshellData\n| join (\n// Find requests that were made to this file on the impacted server in the W3CIISLog table\nW3CIISLog\n| where TimeGenerated > ago(logTimeWindow)\n// Restrict to accesses to script extensions\n| where csUriStem has_any(scriptExtensions)\n| extend splitUriStem = split(csUriStem, \"/\")\n| extend FileName = splitUriStem[-1], HostName = sComputerName\n// Summarize potential attacker activity\n| summarize count(), StartTime=min(TimeGenerated), EndTime=max(TimeGenerated), RequestUserAgents=make_set(csUserAgent), ReqestMethods=make_set(csMethod), RequestStatusCodes=make_set(scStatus), RequestCookies=make_set(csCookie), RequestReferers=make_set(csReferer), RequestQueryStrings=make_set(csUriQuery) by AttackerIP=cIP, SiteName=sSiteName, ShellLocation=csUriStem, tostring(FileName), HostName\n) on FileName, HostName\n| project StartTime, EndTime, AttackerIP, RequestUserAgents, Computer = HostName, SiteName, ShellLocation, ReqestMethods, RequestStatusCodes, RequestCookies, RequestReferers, RequestQueryStrings, RequestCount = count_\n| extend HostName = tostring(split(Computer, \".\")[0]), DomainIndex = toint(indexof(Computer, '.'))\n| extend HostNameDomain = iff(DomainIndex != -1, substring(Computer, DomainIndex + 1), Computer)\n",
        "queryFrequency": "PT1H",
        "queryPeriod": "P7D",
        "severity": "Medium",
        "subTechniques": [],
        "suppressionDuration": "PT1H",
        "suppressionEnabled": false,
        "tactics": [
          "Persistence"
        ],
        "techniques": [
          "T1505"
        ],
        "templateVersion": "1.0.4",
        "triggerOperator": "GreaterThan",
        "triggerThreshold": 0
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers/alertRules"
    }
  ]
}