Microsoft Sentinel Analytic Rules
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Admin promotion after Role Management Application Permission Grant

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Idf80d951a-eddc-4171-b9d0-d616bb83efdc
RulenameAdmin promotion after Role Management Application Permission Grant
DescriptionThis rule looks for a service principal being granted the Microsoft Graph RoleManagement.ReadWrite.Directory (application) permission before being used to add an Microsoft Entra ID object or user account to an Admin directory role (i.e. Global Administrators).

This is a known attack path that is usually abused when a service principal already has the AppRoleAssignment.ReadWrite.All permission granted. This permission allows an app to manage permission grants for application permissions to any API.

A service principal can promote itself or other service principals to admin roles (i.e. Global Administrators). This would be considered a privilege escalation technique.

Ref : https://docs.microsoft.com/graph/permissions-reference#role-management-permissions, https://docs.microsoft.com/graph/api/directoryrole-post-members?view=graph-rest-1.0&tabs=http
SeverityHigh
TacticsPrivilegeEscalation
Persistence
TechniquesT1098.003
T1078.004
Required data connectorsAzureActiveDirectory
KindScheduled
Query frequency1h
Query period2h
Trigger threshold0
Trigger operatorgt
Source Urihttps://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Microsoft Entra ID/Analytic Rules/AdminPromoAfterRoleMgmtAppPermissionGrant.yaml
Version1.0.4
Arm templatef80d951a-eddc-4171-b9d0-d616bb83efdc.json
Deploy To Azure
let query_frequency = 1h;
let query_period = 2h;
AuditLogs
| where TimeGenerated > ago(query_period)
| where Category =~ "ApplicationManagement" and LoggedByService =~ "Core Directory"
| where OperationName =~ "Add app role assignment to service principal"
| mv-expand TargetResource = TargetResources
| mv-expand modifiedProperty = TargetResource["modifiedProperties"]
| where tostring(modifiedProperty["displayName"]) == "AppRole.Value"
| extend PermissionGrant = tostring(modifiedProperty["newValue"])
| where PermissionGrant has "RoleManagement.ReadWrite.Directory"
| mv-apply modifiedProperty = TargetResource["modifiedProperties"] on (
    summarize modifiedProperties = make_bag(
        bag_pack(tostring(modifiedProperty["displayName"]),
            bag_pack("oldValue", trim(@'[\"\s]+', tostring(modifiedProperty["oldValue"])),
                "newValue", trim(@'[\"\s]+', tostring(modifiedProperty["newValue"])))), 100)
)
| project
    PermissionGrant_TimeGenerated = TimeGenerated,
    PermissionGrant_OperationName = OperationName,
    PermissionGrant_Result = Result,
    PermissionGrant,
    AppDisplayName = tostring(modifiedProperties["ServicePrincipal.DisplayName"]["newValue"]),
    AppServicePrincipalId = tostring(modifiedProperties["ServicePrincipal.ObjectID"]["newValue"]),
    PermissionGrant_InitiatedBy = InitiatedBy,
    PermissionGrant_TargetResources = TargetResources,
    PermissionGrant_AdditionalDetails = AdditionalDetails,
    PermissionGrant_CorrelationId = CorrelationId
| join kind=inner (
    AuditLogs
    | where TimeGenerated > ago(query_frequency)
    | where Category =~ "RoleManagement" and LoggedByService =~ "Core Directory" and AADOperationType =~ "Assign"
    | where isnotempty(InitiatedBy["app"])
    | mv-expand TargetResource = TargetResources
    | mv-expand modifiedProperty = TargetResource["modifiedProperties"]
    | where tostring(modifiedProperty["displayName"]) in ("Role.DisplayName", "RoleDefinition.DisplayName")
    | extend RoleAssignment = tostring(modifiedProperty["newValue"])
    | where RoleAssignment contains "Admin"
    | project
        RoleAssignment_TimeGenerated = TimeGenerated,
        RoleAssignment_OperationName = OperationName,
        RoleAssignment_Result = Result,
        RoleAssignment,
        TargetType = tostring(TargetResources[0]["type"]),
        Target = iff(isnotempty(TargetResources[0]["displayName"]), tostring(TargetResources[0]["displayName"]), tolower(TargetResources[0]["userPrincipalName"])),
        TargetId = tostring(TargetResources[0]["id"]),
        RoleAssignment_InitiatedBy = InitiatedBy,
        RoleAssignment_TargetResources = TargetResources,
        RoleAssignment_AdditionalDetails = AdditionalDetails,
        RoleAssignment_CorrelationId = CorrelationId,
        AppServicePrincipalId = tostring(InitiatedBy["app"]["servicePrincipalId"])
    ) on AppServicePrincipalId
| where PermissionGrant_TimeGenerated < RoleAssignment_TimeGenerated
| extend
    TargetName = tostring(split(Target, "@")[0]),
    TargetUPNSuffix = tostring(split(Target, "@")[1])
| project PermissionGrant_TimeGenerated, PermissionGrant_OperationName, PermissionGrant_Result, PermissionGrant, AppDisplayName, AppServicePrincipalId, PermissionGrant_InitiatedBy, PermissionGrant_TargetResources, PermissionGrant_AdditionalDetails, PermissionGrant_CorrelationId, RoleAssignment_TimeGenerated, RoleAssignment_OperationName, RoleAssignment_Result, RoleAssignment, TargetType, Target, TargetName, TargetUPNSuffix, TargetId, RoleAssignment_InitiatedBy, RoleAssignment_TargetResources, RoleAssignment_AdditionalDetails, RoleAssignment_CorrelationId
queryFrequency: 1h
triggerThreshold: 0
name: Admin promotion after Role Management Application Permission Grant
version: 1.0.4
tags:
- SimuLand
id: f80d951a-eddc-4171-b9d0-d616bb83efdc
status: Available
tactics:
- PrivilegeEscalation
- Persistence
entityMappings:
- entityType: Account
  fieldMappings:
  - columnName: AppDisplayName
    identifier: Name
- entityType: Account
  fieldMappings:
  - columnName: TargetName
    identifier: Name
  - columnName: TargetUPNSuffix
    identifier: UPNSuffix
queryPeriod: 2h
description: |
  'This rule looks for a service principal being granted the Microsoft Graph RoleManagement.ReadWrite.Directory (application) permission before being used to add an Microsoft Entra ID object or user account to an Admin directory role (i.e. Global Administrators).
  This is a known attack path that is usually abused when a service principal already has the AppRoleAssignment.ReadWrite.All permission granted. This permission allows an app to manage permission grants for application permissions to any API.
  A service principal can promote itself or other service principals to admin roles (i.e. Global Administrators). This would be considered a privilege escalation technique.
  Ref : https://docs.microsoft.com/graph/permissions-reference#role-management-permissions, https://docs.microsoft.com/graph/api/directoryrole-post-members?view=graph-rest-1.0&tabs=http'  
requiredDataConnectors:
- connectorId: AzureActiveDirectory
  dataTypes:
  - AuditLogs
query: |
  let query_frequency = 1h;
  let query_period = 2h;
  AuditLogs
  | where TimeGenerated > ago(query_period)
  | where Category =~ "ApplicationManagement" and LoggedByService =~ "Core Directory"
  | where OperationName =~ "Add app role assignment to service principal"
  | mv-expand TargetResource = TargetResources
  | mv-expand modifiedProperty = TargetResource["modifiedProperties"]
  | where tostring(modifiedProperty["displayName"]) == "AppRole.Value"
  | extend PermissionGrant = tostring(modifiedProperty["newValue"])
  | where PermissionGrant has "RoleManagement.ReadWrite.Directory"
  | mv-apply modifiedProperty = TargetResource["modifiedProperties"] on (
      summarize modifiedProperties = make_bag(
          bag_pack(tostring(modifiedProperty["displayName"]),
              bag_pack("oldValue", trim(@'[\"\s]+', tostring(modifiedProperty["oldValue"])),
                  "newValue", trim(@'[\"\s]+', tostring(modifiedProperty["newValue"])))), 100)
  )
  | project
      PermissionGrant_TimeGenerated = TimeGenerated,
      PermissionGrant_OperationName = OperationName,
      PermissionGrant_Result = Result,
      PermissionGrant,
      AppDisplayName = tostring(modifiedProperties["ServicePrincipal.DisplayName"]["newValue"]),
      AppServicePrincipalId = tostring(modifiedProperties["ServicePrincipal.ObjectID"]["newValue"]),
      PermissionGrant_InitiatedBy = InitiatedBy,
      PermissionGrant_TargetResources = TargetResources,
      PermissionGrant_AdditionalDetails = AdditionalDetails,
      PermissionGrant_CorrelationId = CorrelationId
  | join kind=inner (
      AuditLogs
      | where TimeGenerated > ago(query_frequency)
      | where Category =~ "RoleManagement" and LoggedByService =~ "Core Directory" and AADOperationType =~ "Assign"
      | where isnotempty(InitiatedBy["app"])
      | mv-expand TargetResource = TargetResources
      | mv-expand modifiedProperty = TargetResource["modifiedProperties"]
      | where tostring(modifiedProperty["displayName"]) in ("Role.DisplayName", "RoleDefinition.DisplayName")
      | extend RoleAssignment = tostring(modifiedProperty["newValue"])
      | where RoleAssignment contains "Admin"
      | project
          RoleAssignment_TimeGenerated = TimeGenerated,
          RoleAssignment_OperationName = OperationName,
          RoleAssignment_Result = Result,
          RoleAssignment,
          TargetType = tostring(TargetResources[0]["type"]),
          Target = iff(isnotempty(TargetResources[0]["displayName"]), tostring(TargetResources[0]["displayName"]), tolower(TargetResources[0]["userPrincipalName"])),
          TargetId = tostring(TargetResources[0]["id"]),
          RoleAssignment_InitiatedBy = InitiatedBy,
          RoleAssignment_TargetResources = TargetResources,
          RoleAssignment_AdditionalDetails = AdditionalDetails,
          RoleAssignment_CorrelationId = CorrelationId,
          AppServicePrincipalId = tostring(InitiatedBy["app"]["servicePrincipalId"])
      ) on AppServicePrincipalId
  | where PermissionGrant_TimeGenerated < RoleAssignment_TimeGenerated
  | extend
      TargetName = tostring(split(Target, "@")[0]),
      TargetUPNSuffix = tostring(split(Target, "@")[1])
  | project PermissionGrant_TimeGenerated, PermissionGrant_OperationName, PermissionGrant_Result, PermissionGrant, AppDisplayName, AppServicePrincipalId, PermissionGrant_InitiatedBy, PermissionGrant_TargetResources, PermissionGrant_AdditionalDetails, PermissionGrant_CorrelationId, RoleAssignment_TimeGenerated, RoleAssignment_OperationName, RoleAssignment_Result, RoleAssignment, TargetType, Target, TargetName, TargetUPNSuffix, TargetId, RoleAssignment_InitiatedBy, RoleAssignment_TargetResources, RoleAssignment_AdditionalDetails, RoleAssignment_CorrelationId  
kind: Scheduled
OriginalUri: https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Microsoft Entra ID/Analytic Rules/AdminPromoAfterRoleMgmtAppPermissionGrant.yaml
triggerOperator: gt
relevantTechniques:
- T1098.003
- T1078.004
severity: High
{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "workspace": {
      "type": "String"
    }
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "apiVersion": "2023-02-01-preview",
      "id": "[concat(resourceId('Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers', parameters('workspace'), 'Microsoft.SecurityInsights'),'/alertRules/f80d951a-eddc-4171-b9d0-d616bb83efdc')]",
      "kind": "Scheduled",
      "name": "[concat(parameters('workspace'),'/Microsoft.SecurityInsights/f80d951a-eddc-4171-b9d0-d616bb83efdc')]",
      "properties": {
        "alertRuleTemplateName": "f80d951a-eddc-4171-b9d0-d616bb83efdc",
        "customDetails": null,
        "description": "'This rule looks for a service principal being granted the Microsoft Graph RoleManagement.ReadWrite.Directory (application) permission before being used to add an Microsoft Entra ID object or user account to an Admin directory role (i.e. Global Administrators).\nThis is a known attack path that is usually abused when a service principal already has the AppRoleAssignment.ReadWrite.All permission granted. This permission allows an app to manage permission grants for application permissions to any API.\nA service principal can promote itself or other service principals to admin roles (i.e. Global Administrators). This would be considered a privilege escalation technique.\nRef : https://docs.microsoft.com/graph/permissions-reference#role-management-permissions, https://docs.microsoft.com/graph/api/directoryrole-post-members?view=graph-rest-1.0&tabs=http'\n",
        "displayName": "Admin promotion after Role Management Application Permission Grant",
        "enabled": true,
        "entityMappings": [
          {
            "entityType": "Account",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "columnName": "AppDisplayName",
                "identifier": "Name"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "entityType": "Account",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "columnName": "TargetName",
                "identifier": "Name"
              },
              {
                "columnName": "TargetUPNSuffix",
                "identifier": "UPNSuffix"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "OriginalUri": "https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Microsoft Entra ID/Analytic Rules/AdminPromoAfterRoleMgmtAppPermissionGrant.yaml",
        "query": "let query_frequency = 1h;\nlet query_period = 2h;\nAuditLogs\n| where TimeGenerated > ago(query_period)\n| where Category =~ \"ApplicationManagement\" and LoggedByService =~ \"Core Directory\"\n| where OperationName =~ \"Add app role assignment to service principal\"\n| mv-expand TargetResource = TargetResources\n| mv-expand modifiedProperty = TargetResource[\"modifiedProperties\"]\n| where tostring(modifiedProperty[\"displayName\"]) == \"AppRole.Value\"\n| extend PermissionGrant = tostring(modifiedProperty[\"newValue\"])\n| where PermissionGrant has \"RoleManagement.ReadWrite.Directory\"\n| mv-apply modifiedProperty = TargetResource[\"modifiedProperties\"] on (\n    summarize modifiedProperties = make_bag(\n        bag_pack(tostring(modifiedProperty[\"displayName\"]),\n            bag_pack(\"oldValue\", trim(@'[\\\"\\s]+', tostring(modifiedProperty[\"oldValue\"])),\n                \"newValue\", trim(@'[\\\"\\s]+', tostring(modifiedProperty[\"newValue\"])))), 100)\n)\n| project\n    PermissionGrant_TimeGenerated = TimeGenerated,\n    PermissionGrant_OperationName = OperationName,\n    PermissionGrant_Result = Result,\n    PermissionGrant,\n    AppDisplayName = tostring(modifiedProperties[\"ServicePrincipal.DisplayName\"][\"newValue\"]),\n    AppServicePrincipalId = tostring(modifiedProperties[\"ServicePrincipal.ObjectID\"][\"newValue\"]),\n    PermissionGrant_InitiatedBy = InitiatedBy,\n    PermissionGrant_TargetResources = TargetResources,\n    PermissionGrant_AdditionalDetails = AdditionalDetails,\n    PermissionGrant_CorrelationId = CorrelationId\n| join kind=inner (\n    AuditLogs\n    | where TimeGenerated > ago(query_frequency)\n    | where Category =~ \"RoleManagement\" and LoggedByService =~ \"Core Directory\" and AADOperationType =~ \"Assign\"\n    | where isnotempty(InitiatedBy[\"app\"])\n    | mv-expand TargetResource = TargetResources\n    | mv-expand modifiedProperty = TargetResource[\"modifiedProperties\"]\n    | where tostring(modifiedProperty[\"displayName\"]) in (\"Role.DisplayName\", \"RoleDefinition.DisplayName\")\n    | extend RoleAssignment = tostring(modifiedProperty[\"newValue\"])\n    | where RoleAssignment contains \"Admin\"\n    | project\n        RoleAssignment_TimeGenerated = TimeGenerated,\n        RoleAssignment_OperationName = OperationName,\n        RoleAssignment_Result = Result,\n        RoleAssignment,\n        TargetType = tostring(TargetResources[0][\"type\"]),\n        Target = iff(isnotempty(TargetResources[0][\"displayName\"]), tostring(TargetResources[0][\"displayName\"]), tolower(TargetResources[0][\"userPrincipalName\"])),\n        TargetId = tostring(TargetResources[0][\"id\"]),\n        RoleAssignment_InitiatedBy = InitiatedBy,\n        RoleAssignment_TargetResources = TargetResources,\n        RoleAssignment_AdditionalDetails = AdditionalDetails,\n        RoleAssignment_CorrelationId = CorrelationId,\n        AppServicePrincipalId = tostring(InitiatedBy[\"app\"][\"servicePrincipalId\"])\n    ) on AppServicePrincipalId\n| where PermissionGrant_TimeGenerated < RoleAssignment_TimeGenerated\n| extend\n    TargetName = tostring(split(Target, \"@\")[0]),\n    TargetUPNSuffix = tostring(split(Target, \"@\")[1])\n| project PermissionGrant_TimeGenerated, PermissionGrant_OperationName, PermissionGrant_Result, PermissionGrant, AppDisplayName, AppServicePrincipalId, PermissionGrant_InitiatedBy, PermissionGrant_TargetResources, PermissionGrant_AdditionalDetails, PermissionGrant_CorrelationId, RoleAssignment_TimeGenerated, RoleAssignment_OperationName, RoleAssignment_Result, RoleAssignment, TargetType, Target, TargetName, TargetUPNSuffix, TargetId, RoleAssignment_InitiatedBy, RoleAssignment_TargetResources, RoleAssignment_AdditionalDetails, RoleAssignment_CorrelationId\n",
        "queryFrequency": "PT1H",
        "queryPeriod": "PT2H",
        "severity": "High",
        "status": "Available",
        "suppressionDuration": "PT1H",
        "suppressionEnabled": false,
        "tactics": [
          "Persistence",
          "PrivilegeEscalation"
        ],
        "tags": [
          "SimuLand"
        ],
        "techniques": [
          "T1078",
          "T1098"
        ],
        "templateVersion": "1.0.4",
        "triggerOperator": "GreaterThan",
        "triggerThreshold": 0
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers/alertRules"
    }
  ]
}