ADFS Database Named Pipe Connection

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Id	dcdf9bfc-c239-4764-a9f9-3612e6dff49c
Rulename	ADFS Database Named Pipe Connection
Description	This detection uses Sysmon telemetry to detect suspicious local connections via a named pipe to the AD FS configuration database (Windows Internal Database). In order to use this query you need to be collecting Sysmon EventIdD 18 (Pipe Connected). If you do not have Sysmon data in your workspace this query will raise an error stating: Failed to resolve scalar expression named “[@Name]”
Severity	Medium
Tactics	Collection
Techniques	T1005
Required data connectors	SecurityEvents WindowsSecurityEvents
Kind	Scheduled
Query frequency	1d
Query period	1d
Trigger threshold	0
Trigger operator	gt
Source Uri	https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Windows Security Events/Analytic Rules/ADFSDBNamedPipeConnection.yaml
Version	1.0.2
Arm template	dcdf9bfc-c239-4764-a9f9-3612e6dff49c.json

KQL

// Adjust this to use a longer timeframe to identify ADFS servers
//let lookback = 6d;
// Adjust this to adjust the key export detection  timeframe
//let timeframe = 1d;
// Start be identifying ADFS servers to reduce FP chance
let ADFS_Servers = (
Event
//| where TimeGenerated > ago(timeframe+lookback)
| where Source == "Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon"
| where EventID == 18
| extend EventData = parse_xml(EventData).DataItem.EventData.Data
| mv-expand bagexpansion=array EventData
| evaluate bag_unpack(EventData)
| extend Key = tostring(column_ifexists('@Name', "")), Value = column_ifexists('#text', "")
| evaluate pivot(Key, any(Value), TimeGenerated, Source, EventLog, Computer, EventLevel, EventLevelName, EventID, UserName, MG, ManagementGroupName, _ResourceId)
| extend Image = column_ifexists("Image", "")
| extend process = split(Image, '\\', -1)[-1]
| where process =~ "Microsoft.IdentityServer.ServiceHost.exe"
| summarize by Computer);
// Look for ADFS servers where Named Pipes event are present
Event
//| where TimeGenerated > ago(timeframe)
| where Source == "Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon"
| where EventID == 18
| where Computer in~ (ADFS_Servers)
| extend RenderedDescription = tostring(split(RenderedDescription, ":")[0])
| extend EventData = parse_xml(EventData).DataItem.EventData.Data
| mv-expand bagexpansion=array EventData
| evaluate bag_unpack(EventData)
| extend Key = tostring(column_ifexists('@Name', "")), Value = column_ifexists('#text', "")
| evaluate pivot(Key, any(Value), TimeGenerated, Source, EventLog, Computer, EventLevel, EventLevelName, EventID, UserName, RenderedDescription, MG, ManagementGroupName, Type, _ResourceId)
| extend RuleName = column_ifexists("RuleName", ""),
    TechniqueId = column_ifexists("TechniqueId", ""),
    TechniqueName = column_ifexists("TechniqueName", ""),
    Image = column_ifexists("Image", ""),
    PipeName = column_ifexists("PipeName", ""),
    EventType = column_ifexists("EventType", "")
| parse RuleName with * 'technique_id=' TechniqueId ',' * 'technique_name=' TechniqueName
// Look for Pipe related to querying the WID
| where PipeName == "\\MICROSOFT##WID\\tsql\\query"
| extend process = split(Image, '\\', -1)[-1]
// Exclude expected processes
| where process !in ("Microsoft.IdentityServer.ServiceHost.exe", "Microsoft.Identity.Health.Adfs.PshSurrogate.exe", "AzureADConnect.exe", "Microsoft.Tri.Sensor.exe", "wsmprovhost.exe","mmc.exe", "sqlservr.exe")
| extend Operation = RenderedDescription
| project-reorder TimeGenerated, EventType, Operation, process, Image, Computer, UserName
| extend HostName = tostring(split(Computer, ".")[0]), DomainIndex = toint(indexof(Computer, '.'))
| extend HostNameDomain = iff(DomainIndex != -1, substring(Computer, DomainIndex + 1), Computer)
| extend AccountName = tostring(split(UserName, @'\')[1]), AccountNTDomain = tostring(split(UserName, @'\')[0])

YAML

id: dcdf9bfc-c239-4764-a9f9-3612e6dff49c
tactics:
- Collection
queryPeriod: 1d
OriginalUri: https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Windows Security Events/Analytic Rules/ADFSDBNamedPipeConnection.yaml
triggerThreshold: 0
name: ADFS Database Named Pipe Connection
query: |
  // Adjust this to use a longer timeframe to identify ADFS servers
  //let lookback = 6d;
  // Adjust this to adjust the key export detection  timeframe
  //let timeframe = 1d;
  // Start be identifying ADFS servers to reduce FP chance
  let ADFS_Servers = (
  Event
  //| where TimeGenerated > ago(timeframe+lookback)
  | where Source == "Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon"
  | where EventID == 18
  | extend EventData = parse_xml(EventData).DataItem.EventData.Data
  | mv-expand bagexpansion=array EventData
  | evaluate bag_unpack(EventData)
  | extend Key = tostring(column_ifexists('@Name', "")), Value = column_ifexists('#text', "")
  | evaluate pivot(Key, any(Value), TimeGenerated, Source, EventLog, Computer, EventLevel, EventLevelName, EventID, UserName, MG, ManagementGroupName, _ResourceId)
  | extend Image = column_ifexists("Image", "")
  | extend process = split(Image, '\\', -1)[-1]
  | where process =~ "Microsoft.IdentityServer.ServiceHost.exe"
  | summarize by Computer);
  // Look for ADFS servers where Named Pipes event are present
  Event
  //| where TimeGenerated > ago(timeframe)
  | where Source == "Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon"
  | where EventID == 18
  | where Computer in~ (ADFS_Servers)
  | extend RenderedDescription = tostring(split(RenderedDescription, ":")[0])
  | extend EventData = parse_xml(EventData).DataItem.EventData.Data
  | mv-expand bagexpansion=array EventData
  | evaluate bag_unpack(EventData)
  | extend Key = tostring(column_ifexists('@Name', "")), Value = column_ifexists('#text', "")
  | evaluate pivot(Key, any(Value), TimeGenerated, Source, EventLog, Computer, EventLevel, EventLevelName, EventID, UserName, RenderedDescription, MG, ManagementGroupName, Type, _ResourceId)
  | extend RuleName = column_ifexists("RuleName", ""),
      TechniqueId = column_ifexists("TechniqueId", ""),
      TechniqueName = column_ifexists("TechniqueName", ""),
      Image = column_ifexists("Image", ""),
      PipeName = column_ifexists("PipeName", ""),
      EventType = column_ifexists("EventType", "")
  | parse RuleName with * 'technique_id=' TechniqueId ',' * 'technique_name=' TechniqueName
  // Look for Pipe related to querying the WID
  | where PipeName == "\\MICROSOFT##WID\\tsql\\query"
  | extend process = split(Image, '\\', -1)[-1]
  // Exclude expected processes
  | where process !in ("Microsoft.IdentityServer.ServiceHost.exe", "Microsoft.Identity.Health.Adfs.PshSurrogate.exe", "AzureADConnect.exe", "Microsoft.Tri.Sensor.exe", "wsmprovhost.exe","mmc.exe", "sqlservr.exe")
  | extend Operation = RenderedDescription
  | project-reorder TimeGenerated, EventType, Operation, process, Image, Computer, UserName
  | extend HostName = tostring(split(Computer, ".")[0]), DomainIndex = toint(indexof(Computer, '.'))
  | extend HostNameDomain = iff(DomainIndex != -1, substring(Computer, DomainIndex + 1), Computer)
  | extend AccountName = tostring(split(UserName, @'\')[1]), AccountNTDomain = tostring(split(UserName, @'\')[0])  
severity: Medium
triggerOperator: gt
kind: Scheduled
relevantTechniques:
- T1005
tags:
- Solorigate
- NOBELIUM
- SimuLand
queryFrequency: 1d
requiredDataConnectors:
- connectorId: SecurityEvents
  dataTypes:
  - SecurityEvent
- connectorId: WindowsSecurityEvents
  dataTypes:
  - SecurityEvent
description: |
  'This detection uses Sysmon telemetry to detect suspicious local connections via a named pipe to the AD FS configuration database (Windows Internal Database).
  In order to use this query you need to be collecting Sysmon EventIdD 18 (Pipe Connected).
  If you do not have Sysmon data in your workspace this query will raise an error stating:
  Failed to resolve scalar expression named "[@Name]"'  
status: Available
version: 1.0.2
entityMappings:
- fieldMappings:
  - columnName: UserName
    identifier: FullName
  - columnName: AccountName
    identifier: Name
  - columnName: AccountNTDomain
    identifier: NTDomain
  entityType: Account
- fieldMappings:
  - columnName: Computer
    identifier: FullName
  - columnName: HostName
    identifier: HostName
  - columnName: HostNameDomain
    identifier: DnsDomain
  entityType: Host

ARM

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "workspace": {
      "type": "String"
    }
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "apiVersion": "2024-01-01-preview",
      "id": "[concat(resourceId('Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers', parameters('workspace'), 'Microsoft.SecurityInsights'),'/alertRules/dcdf9bfc-c239-4764-a9f9-3612e6dff49c')]",
      "kind": "Scheduled",
      "name": "[concat(parameters('workspace'),'/Microsoft.SecurityInsights/dcdf9bfc-c239-4764-a9f9-3612e6dff49c')]",
      "properties": {
        "alertRuleTemplateName": "dcdf9bfc-c239-4764-a9f9-3612e6dff49c",
        "customDetails": null,
        "description": "'This detection uses Sysmon telemetry to detect suspicious local connections via a named pipe to the AD FS configuration database (Windows Internal Database).\nIn order to use this query you need to be collecting Sysmon EventIdD 18 (Pipe Connected).\nIf you do not have Sysmon data in your workspace this query will raise an error stating:\nFailed to resolve scalar expression named \"[@Name]\"'\n",
        "displayName": "ADFS Database Named Pipe Connection",
        "enabled": true,
        "entityMappings": [
          {
            "entityType": "Account",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "columnName": "UserName",
                "identifier": "FullName"
              },
              {
                "columnName": "AccountName",
                "identifier": "Name"
              },
              {
                "columnName": "AccountNTDomain",
                "identifier": "NTDomain"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "entityType": "Host",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "columnName": "Computer",
                "identifier": "FullName"
              },
              {
                "columnName": "HostName",
                "identifier": "HostName"
              },
              {
                "columnName": "HostNameDomain",
                "identifier": "DnsDomain"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "OriginalUri": "https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Windows Security Events/Analytic Rules/ADFSDBNamedPipeConnection.yaml",
        "query": "// Adjust this to use a longer timeframe to identify ADFS servers\n//let lookback = 6d;\n// Adjust this to adjust the key export detection  timeframe\n//let timeframe = 1d;\n// Start be identifying ADFS servers to reduce FP chance\nlet ADFS_Servers = (\nEvent\n//| where TimeGenerated > ago(timeframe+lookback)\n| where Source == \"Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon\"\n| where EventID == 18\n| extend EventData = parse_xml(EventData).DataItem.EventData.Data\n| mv-expand bagexpansion=array EventData\n| evaluate bag_unpack(EventData)\n| extend Key = tostring(column_ifexists('@Name', \"\")), Value = column_ifexists('#text', \"\")\n| evaluate pivot(Key, any(Value), TimeGenerated, Source, EventLog, Computer, EventLevel, EventLevelName, EventID, UserName, MG, ManagementGroupName, _ResourceId)\n| extend Image = column_ifexists(\"Image\", \"\")\n| extend process = split(Image, '\\\\', -1)[-1]\n| where process =~ \"Microsoft.IdentityServer.ServiceHost.exe\"\n| summarize by Computer);\n// Look for ADFS servers where Named Pipes event are present\nEvent\n//| where TimeGenerated > ago(timeframe)\n| where Source == \"Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon\"\n| where EventID == 18\n| where Computer in~ (ADFS_Servers)\n| extend RenderedDescription = tostring(split(RenderedDescription, \":\")[0])\n| extend EventData = parse_xml(EventData).DataItem.EventData.Data\n| mv-expand bagexpansion=array EventData\n| evaluate bag_unpack(EventData)\n| extend Key = tostring(column_ifexists('@Name', \"\")), Value = column_ifexists('#text', \"\")\n| evaluate pivot(Key, any(Value), TimeGenerated, Source, EventLog, Computer, EventLevel, EventLevelName, EventID, UserName, RenderedDescription, MG, ManagementGroupName, Type, _ResourceId)\n| extend RuleName = column_ifexists(\"RuleName\", \"\"),\n    TechniqueId = column_ifexists(\"TechniqueId\", \"\"),\n    TechniqueName = column_ifexists(\"TechniqueName\", \"\"),\n    Image = column_ifexists(\"Image\", \"\"),\n    PipeName = column_ifexists(\"PipeName\", \"\"),\n    EventType = column_ifexists(\"EventType\", \"\")\n| parse RuleName with * 'technique_id=' TechniqueId ',' * 'technique_name=' TechniqueName\n// Look for Pipe related to querying the WID\n| where PipeName == \"\\\\MICROSOFT##WID\\\\tsql\\\\query\"\n| extend process = split(Image, '\\\\', -1)[-1]\n// Exclude expected processes\n| where process !in (\"Microsoft.IdentityServer.ServiceHost.exe\", \"Microsoft.Identity.Health.Adfs.PshSurrogate.exe\", \"AzureADConnect.exe\", \"Microsoft.Tri.Sensor.exe\", \"wsmprovhost.exe\",\"mmc.exe\", \"sqlservr.exe\")\n| extend Operation = RenderedDescription\n| project-reorder TimeGenerated, EventType, Operation, process, Image, Computer, UserName\n| extend HostName = tostring(split(Computer, \".\")[0]), DomainIndex = toint(indexof(Computer, '.'))\n| extend HostNameDomain = iff(DomainIndex != -1, substring(Computer, DomainIndex + 1), Computer)\n| extend AccountName = tostring(split(UserName, @'\\')[1]), AccountNTDomain = tostring(split(UserName, @'\\')[0])\n",
        "queryFrequency": "P1D",
        "queryPeriod": "P1D",
        "severity": "Medium",
        "status": "Available",
        "subTechniques": [],
        "suppressionDuration": "PT1H",
        "suppressionEnabled": false,
        "tactics": [
          "Collection"
        ],
        "tags": [
          "Solorigate",
          "NOBELIUM",
          "SimuLand"
        ],
        "techniques": [
          "T1005"
        ],
        "templateVersion": "1.0.2",
        "triggerOperator": "GreaterThan",
        "triggerThreshold": 0
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers/alertRules"
    }
  ]
}