AD FS Remote HTTP Network Connection

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Id	d57c33a9-76b9-40e0-9dfa-ff0404546410
Rulename	AD FS Remote HTTP Network Connection
Description	This detection uses Sysmon events (NetworkConnect events) to detect incoming network traffic on port 80 on AD FS servers. This could be a sign of a threat actor trying to use replication services on the AD FS server to get its configuration settings and extract sensitive information such as AD FS certificates. In order to use this query you need to enable Sysmon telemetry on the AD FS Server. Reference: https://twitter.com/OTR_Community/status/1387038995016732672
Severity	Medium
Tactics	Collection
Techniques	T1005
Required data connectors	SecurityEvents WindowsSecurityEvents
Kind	Scheduled
Query frequency	1d
Query period	1d
Trigger threshold	0
Trigger operator	gt
Source Uri	https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Windows Security Events/Analytic Rules/ADFSRemoteHTTPNetworkConnection.yaml
Version	1.0.2
Arm template	d57c33a9-76b9-40e0-9dfa-ff0404546410.json

KQL

// Adjust this to use a longer timeframe to identify ADFS servers
//let lookback = 0d;
// Adjust this to adjust detection timeframe
//let timeframe = 1d;
// Filter out other servers in the AD FS farm
let ADFSServersList = dynamic(["ADFS02.domain.com","ADFS03.domain.com"]);
// Start by identifying ADFS servers to reduce FP chance
let ADFS_Servers = (
Event
//| where TimeGenerated > ago(timeframe+lookback)
| where Source == "Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon"
| where EventID == 18
| where Computer !in (ADFSServersList)
| extend EventData = parse_xml(EventData).DataItem.EventData.Data
| mv-expand bagexpansion=array EventData
| evaluate bag_unpack(EventData)
| extend Key = tostring(column_ifexists('@Name', "")), Value = column_ifexists('#text', "")
| evaluate pivot(Key, any(Value), TimeGenerated, Source, EventLog, Computer, EventLevel, EventLevelName, EventID, UserName, MG, ManagementGroupName, _ResourceId)
| extend Image = column_ifexists("Image", "")
| extend process = split(Image, '\\', -1)[-1]
| where process =~ "Microsoft.IdentityServer.ServiceHost.exe"
| summarize by Computer
);
// Look for ADFS servers receiving connections over port 80
Event
//| where TimeGenerated > ago(timeframe)
| where Source == "Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon"
| where Computer in~ (ADFS_Servers)
| extend RenderedDescription = tostring(split(RenderedDescription, ":")[0])
| extend EventData = parse_xml(EventData).DataItem.EventData.Data
| mv-expand bagexpansion=array EventData
| evaluate bag_unpack(EventData)
| extend Key = tostring(column_ifexists('@Name', "")), Value = column_ifexists('#text', "")
| evaluate pivot(Key, any(Value), TimeGenerated, Source, EventLog, Computer, EventLevel, EventLevelName, EventID, UserName, RenderedDescription, MG, ManagementGroupName, _ResourceId)
| extend RuleName = column_ifexists("RuleName", ""), TechniqueId = column_ifexists("TechniqueId", ""),  TechniqueName = column_ifexists("TechniqueName", "")
| parse RuleName with * 'technique_id=' TechniqueId ',' * 'technique_name=' TechniqueName
| where EventID == 3
// Look for endpoints connecting to the AD FS server over port 80
| extend DestinationPort = column_ifexists("DestinationPort", ""), Image = column_ifexists("Image", ""), Initiated = column_ifexists("Initiated", ""), SourceIp = column_ifexists("DestinationIp", ""), DestinationIp = column_ifexists("DestinationIp", "")
| where DestinationPort == 80
| extend process = split(Image, '\\', -1)[-1]
// Look for the System process receiving connections
| where process == 'System' and Initiated == 'false'
| where DestinationIp !in ('::1','0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1')
| extend Operation = RenderedDescription
| project-reorder TimeGenerated, Operation, Image, Computer, UserName
| extend HostName = tostring(split(Computer, ".")[0]), DomainIndex = toint(indexof(Computer, '.'))
| extend HostNameDomain = iff(DomainIndex != -1, substring(Computer, DomainIndex + 1), Computer)
| extend AccountName = tostring(split(UserName, @'\')[1]), AccountNTDomain = tostring(split(UserName, @'\')[0])

YAML

id: d57c33a9-76b9-40e0-9dfa-ff0404546410
tactics:
- Collection
queryPeriod: 1d
OriginalUri: https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Windows Security Events/Analytic Rules/ADFSRemoteHTTPNetworkConnection.yaml
triggerThreshold: 0
name: AD FS Remote HTTP Network Connection
query: |
  // Adjust this to use a longer timeframe to identify ADFS servers
  //let lookback = 0d;
  // Adjust this to adjust detection timeframe
  //let timeframe = 1d;
  // Filter out other servers in the AD FS farm
  let ADFSServersList = dynamic(["ADFS02.domain.com","ADFS03.domain.com"]);
  // Start by identifying ADFS servers to reduce FP chance
  let ADFS_Servers = (
  Event
  //| where TimeGenerated > ago(timeframe+lookback)
  | where Source == "Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon"
  | where EventID == 18
  | where Computer !in (ADFSServersList)
  | extend EventData = parse_xml(EventData).DataItem.EventData.Data
  | mv-expand bagexpansion=array EventData
  | evaluate bag_unpack(EventData)
  | extend Key = tostring(column_ifexists('@Name', "")), Value = column_ifexists('#text', "")
  | evaluate pivot(Key, any(Value), TimeGenerated, Source, EventLog, Computer, EventLevel, EventLevelName, EventID, UserName, MG, ManagementGroupName, _ResourceId)
  | extend Image = column_ifexists("Image", "")
  | extend process = split(Image, '\\', -1)[-1]
  | where process =~ "Microsoft.IdentityServer.ServiceHost.exe"
  | summarize by Computer
  );
  // Look for ADFS servers receiving connections over port 80
  Event
  //| where TimeGenerated > ago(timeframe)
  | where Source == "Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon"
  | where Computer in~ (ADFS_Servers)
  | extend RenderedDescription = tostring(split(RenderedDescription, ":")[0])
  | extend EventData = parse_xml(EventData).DataItem.EventData.Data
  | mv-expand bagexpansion=array EventData
  | evaluate bag_unpack(EventData)
  | extend Key = tostring(column_ifexists('@Name', "")), Value = column_ifexists('#text', "")
  | evaluate pivot(Key, any(Value), TimeGenerated, Source, EventLog, Computer, EventLevel, EventLevelName, EventID, UserName, RenderedDescription, MG, ManagementGroupName, _ResourceId)
  | extend RuleName = column_ifexists("RuleName", ""), TechniqueId = column_ifexists("TechniqueId", ""),  TechniqueName = column_ifexists("TechniqueName", "")
  | parse RuleName with * 'technique_id=' TechniqueId ',' * 'technique_name=' TechniqueName
  | where EventID == 3
  // Look for endpoints connecting to the AD FS server over port 80
  | extend DestinationPort = column_ifexists("DestinationPort", ""), Image = column_ifexists("Image", ""), Initiated = column_ifexists("Initiated", ""), SourceIp = column_ifexists("DestinationIp", ""), DestinationIp = column_ifexists("DestinationIp", "")
  | where DestinationPort == 80
  | extend process = split(Image, '\\', -1)[-1]
  // Look for the System process receiving connections
  | where process == 'System' and Initiated == 'false'
  | where DestinationIp !in ('::1','0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1')
  | extend Operation = RenderedDescription
  | project-reorder TimeGenerated, Operation, Image, Computer, UserName
  | extend HostName = tostring(split(Computer, ".")[0]), DomainIndex = toint(indexof(Computer, '.'))
  | extend HostNameDomain = iff(DomainIndex != -1, substring(Computer, DomainIndex + 1), Computer)
  | extend AccountName = tostring(split(UserName, @'\')[1]), AccountNTDomain = tostring(split(UserName, @'\')[0])  
severity: Medium
triggerOperator: gt
kind: Scheduled
relevantTechniques:
- T1005
tags:
- SimuLand
queryFrequency: 1d
requiredDataConnectors:
- connectorId: SecurityEvents
  dataTypes:
  - SecurityEvent
- connectorId: WindowsSecurityEvents
  dataTypes:
  - SecurityEvent
description: |
  'This detection uses Sysmon events (NetworkConnect events) to detect incoming network traffic on port 80 on AD FS servers. This could be a sign of a threat actor trying to use replication services on the AD FS server to get its configuration settings and extract sensitive information such as AD FS certificates.
  In order to use this query you need to enable Sysmon telemetry on the AD FS Server.
  Reference: https://twitter.com/OTR_Community/status/1387038995016732672
  '  
status: Available
version: 1.0.2
entityMappings:
- fieldMappings:
  - columnName: UserName
    identifier: FullName
  - columnName: AccountName
    identifier: Name
  - columnName: AccountNTDomain
    identifier: NTDomain
  entityType: Account
- fieldMappings:
  - columnName: Computer
    identifier: FullName
  - columnName: HostName
    identifier: HostName
  - columnName: HostNameDomain
    identifier: DnsDomain
  entityType: Host
- fieldMappings:
  - columnName: SourceIp
    identifier: Address
  entityType: IP

ARM

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "workspace": {
      "type": "String"
    }
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "apiVersion": "2024-01-01-preview",
      "id": "[concat(resourceId('Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers', parameters('workspace'), 'Microsoft.SecurityInsights'),'/alertRules/d57c33a9-76b9-40e0-9dfa-ff0404546410')]",
      "kind": "Scheduled",
      "name": "[concat(parameters('workspace'),'/Microsoft.SecurityInsights/d57c33a9-76b9-40e0-9dfa-ff0404546410')]",
      "properties": {
        "alertRuleTemplateName": "d57c33a9-76b9-40e0-9dfa-ff0404546410",
        "customDetails": null,
        "description": "'This detection uses Sysmon events (NetworkConnect events) to detect incoming network traffic on port 80 on AD FS servers. This could be a sign of a threat actor trying to use replication services on the AD FS server to get its configuration settings and extract sensitive information such as AD FS certificates.\nIn order to use this query you need to enable Sysmon telemetry on the AD FS Server.\nReference: https://twitter.com/OTR_Community/status/1387038995016732672\n'\n",
        "displayName": "AD FS Remote HTTP Network Connection",
        "enabled": true,
        "entityMappings": [
          {
            "entityType": "Account",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "columnName": "UserName",
                "identifier": "FullName"
              },
              {
                "columnName": "AccountName",
                "identifier": "Name"
              },
              {
                "columnName": "AccountNTDomain",
                "identifier": "NTDomain"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "entityType": "Host",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "columnName": "Computer",
                "identifier": "FullName"
              },
              {
                "columnName": "HostName",
                "identifier": "HostName"
              },
              {
                "columnName": "HostNameDomain",
                "identifier": "DnsDomain"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "entityType": "IP",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "columnName": "SourceIp",
                "identifier": "Address"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "OriginalUri": "https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Windows Security Events/Analytic Rules/ADFSRemoteHTTPNetworkConnection.yaml",
        "query": "// Adjust this to use a longer timeframe to identify ADFS servers\n//let lookback = 0d;\n// Adjust this to adjust detection timeframe\n//let timeframe = 1d;\n// Filter out other servers in the AD FS farm\nlet ADFSServersList = dynamic([\"ADFS02.domain.com\",\"ADFS03.domain.com\"]);\n// Start by identifying ADFS servers to reduce FP chance\nlet ADFS_Servers = (\nEvent\n//| where TimeGenerated > ago(timeframe+lookback)\n| where Source == \"Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon\"\n| where EventID == 18\n| where Computer !in (ADFSServersList)\n| extend EventData = parse_xml(EventData).DataItem.EventData.Data\n| mv-expand bagexpansion=array EventData\n| evaluate bag_unpack(EventData)\n| extend Key = tostring(column_ifexists('@Name', \"\")), Value = column_ifexists('#text', \"\")\n| evaluate pivot(Key, any(Value), TimeGenerated, Source, EventLog, Computer, EventLevel, EventLevelName, EventID, UserName, MG, ManagementGroupName, _ResourceId)\n| extend Image = column_ifexists(\"Image\", \"\")\n| extend process = split(Image, '\\\\', -1)[-1]\n| where process =~ \"Microsoft.IdentityServer.ServiceHost.exe\"\n| summarize by Computer\n);\n// Look for ADFS servers receiving connections over port 80\nEvent\n//| where TimeGenerated > ago(timeframe)\n| where Source == \"Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon\"\n| where Computer in~ (ADFS_Servers)\n| extend RenderedDescription = tostring(split(RenderedDescription, \":\")[0])\n| extend EventData = parse_xml(EventData).DataItem.EventData.Data\n| mv-expand bagexpansion=array EventData\n| evaluate bag_unpack(EventData)\n| extend Key = tostring(column_ifexists('@Name', \"\")), Value = column_ifexists('#text', \"\")\n| evaluate pivot(Key, any(Value), TimeGenerated, Source, EventLog, Computer, EventLevel, EventLevelName, EventID, UserName, RenderedDescription, MG, ManagementGroupName, _ResourceId)\n| extend RuleName = column_ifexists(\"RuleName\", \"\"), TechniqueId = column_ifexists(\"TechniqueId\", \"\"),  TechniqueName = column_ifexists(\"TechniqueName\", \"\")\n| parse RuleName with * 'technique_id=' TechniqueId ',' * 'technique_name=' TechniqueName\n| where EventID == 3\n// Look for endpoints connecting to the AD FS server over port 80\n| extend DestinationPort = column_ifexists(\"DestinationPort\", \"\"), Image = column_ifexists(\"Image\", \"\"), Initiated = column_ifexists(\"Initiated\", \"\"), SourceIp = column_ifexists(\"DestinationIp\", \"\"), DestinationIp = column_ifexists(\"DestinationIp\", \"\")\n| where DestinationPort == 80\n| extend process = split(Image, '\\\\', -1)[-1]\n// Look for the System process receiving connections\n| where process == 'System' and Initiated == 'false'\n| where DestinationIp !in ('::1','0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1')\n| extend Operation = RenderedDescription\n| project-reorder TimeGenerated, Operation, Image, Computer, UserName\n| extend HostName = tostring(split(Computer, \".\")[0]), DomainIndex = toint(indexof(Computer, '.'))\n| extend HostNameDomain = iff(DomainIndex != -1, substring(Computer, DomainIndex + 1), Computer)\n| extend AccountName = tostring(split(UserName, @'\\')[1]), AccountNTDomain = tostring(split(UserName, @'\\')[0])\n",
        "queryFrequency": "P1D",
        "queryPeriod": "P1D",
        "severity": "Medium",
        "status": "Available",
        "subTechniques": [],
        "suppressionDuration": "PT1H",
        "suppressionEnabled": false,
        "tactics": [
          "Collection"
        ],
        "tags": [
          "SimuLand"
        ],
        "techniques": [
          "T1005"
        ],
        "templateVersion": "1.0.2",
        "triggerOperator": "GreaterThan",
        "triggerThreshold": 0
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers/alertRules"
    }
  ]
}