Azure DevOps Personal Access Token PAT misuse

// Allowlisted UPNs should likely stay empty
let AllowlistedUpns = datatable(UPN:string)['foo@bar.com', 'test@foo.com'];
// Operation Name parts that will alert
let HasAnyBlocklist = datatable(OperationNamePart:string)['Security.','Project.','AuditLog.','Extension.'];
// Distinct Operation Names that will flag
let HasExactBlocklist = datatable(OperationName:string)['Group.UpdateGroupMembership.Add','Library.ServiceConnectionExecuted','Pipelines.PipelineModified',
'Release.ReleasePipelineModified', 'Git.RefUpdatePoliciesBypassed'];
ADOAuditLogs
| where AuthenticationMechanism startswith "PAT" and (OperationName has_any (HasAnyBlocklist) or OperationName in (HasExactBlocklist))
  and ActorUPN !in (AllowlistedUpns)
| project TimeGenerated, AuthenticationMechanism, ProjectName, ActorUPN, ActorDisplayName, IpAddress, UserAgent, OperationName, Details, Data
| extend timestamp = TimeGenerated
| extend AccountName = tostring(split(ActorUPN, "@")[0]), AccountUPNSuffix = tostring(split(ActorUPN, "@")[1])

tactics:
- Execution
- Impact
relevantTechniques:
- T1496
- T1559
id: ac891683-53c3-4f86-86b4-c361708e2b2b
severity: High
status: Available
name: Azure DevOps Personal Access Token (PAT) misuse
requiredDataConnectors: []
query: |
  // Allowlisted UPNs should likely stay empty
  let AllowlistedUpns = datatable(UPN:string)['foo@bar.com', 'test@foo.com'];
  // Operation Name parts that will alert
  let HasAnyBlocklist = datatable(OperationNamePart:string)['Security.','Project.','AuditLog.','Extension.'];
  // Distinct Operation Names that will flag
  let HasExactBlocklist = datatable(OperationName:string)['Group.UpdateGroupMembership.Add','Library.ServiceConnectionExecuted','Pipelines.PipelineModified',
  'Release.ReleasePipelineModified', 'Git.RefUpdatePoliciesBypassed'];
  ADOAuditLogs
  | where AuthenticationMechanism startswith "PAT" and (OperationName has_any (HasAnyBlocklist) or OperationName in (HasExactBlocklist))
    and ActorUPN !in (AllowlistedUpns)
  | project TimeGenerated, AuthenticationMechanism, ProjectName, ActorUPN, ActorDisplayName, IpAddress, UserAgent, OperationName, Details, Data
  | extend timestamp = TimeGenerated
  | extend AccountName = tostring(split(ActorUPN, "@")[0]), AccountUPNSuffix = tostring(split(ActorUPN, "@")[1])  
queryPeriod: 1h
entityMappings:
- entityType: Account
  fieldMappings:
  - identifier: FullName
    columnName: ActorUPN
  - identifier: Name
    columnName: AccountName
  - identifier: UPNSuffix
    columnName: AccountUPNSuffix
- entityType: IP
  fieldMappings:
  - identifier: Address
    columnName: IpAddress
triggerOperator: gt
triggerThreshold: 0
description: |
  'This Alert detects whenever a PAT is used in ways that PATs are not normally used. May require an allow list and baselining.
  Reference - https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/devops/organizations/accounts/use-personal-access-tokens-to-authenticate?view=azure-devops&tabs=preview-page
  Use this query for baselining:
  ADOAuditLogs
  | distinct OperationName'  
version: 1.0.6
OriginalUri: https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/AzureDevOpsAuditing/Analytic Rules/AzDOPatSessionMisuse.yaml
queryFrequency: 1h
kind: Scheduled

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "workspace": {
      "type": "String"
    }
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "apiVersion": "2024-01-01-preview",
      "id": "[concat(resourceId('Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers', parameters('workspace'), 'Microsoft.SecurityInsights'),'/alertRules/ac891683-53c3-4f86-86b4-c361708e2b2b')]",
      "kind": "Scheduled",
      "name": "[concat(parameters('workspace'),'/Microsoft.SecurityInsights/ac891683-53c3-4f86-86b4-c361708e2b2b')]",
      "properties": {
        "alertRuleTemplateName": "ac891683-53c3-4f86-86b4-c361708e2b2b",
        "customDetails": null,
        "description": "'This Alert detects whenever a PAT is used in ways that PATs are not normally used. May require an allow list and baselining.\nReference - https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/devops/organizations/accounts/use-personal-access-tokens-to-authenticate?view=azure-devops&tabs=preview-page\nUse this query for baselining:\nADOAuditLogs\n| distinct OperationName'\n",
        "displayName": "Azure DevOps Personal Access Token (PAT) misuse",
        "enabled": true,
        "entityMappings": [
          {
            "entityType": "Account",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "columnName": "ActorUPN",
                "identifier": "FullName"
              },
              {
                "columnName": "AccountName",
                "identifier": "Name"
              },
              {
                "columnName": "AccountUPNSuffix",
                "identifier": "UPNSuffix"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "entityType": "IP",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "columnName": "IpAddress",
                "identifier": "Address"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "OriginalUri": "https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/AzureDevOpsAuditing/Analytic Rules/AzDOPatSessionMisuse.yaml",
        "query": "// Allowlisted UPNs should likely stay empty\nlet AllowlistedUpns = datatable(UPN:string)['foo@bar.com', 'test@foo.com'];\n// Operation Name parts that will alert\nlet HasAnyBlocklist = datatable(OperationNamePart:string)['Security.','Project.','AuditLog.','Extension.'];\n// Distinct Operation Names that will flag\nlet HasExactBlocklist = datatable(OperationName:string)['Group.UpdateGroupMembership.Add','Library.ServiceConnectionExecuted','Pipelines.PipelineModified',\n'Release.ReleasePipelineModified', 'Git.RefUpdatePoliciesBypassed'];\nADOAuditLogs\n| where AuthenticationMechanism startswith \"PAT\" and (OperationName has_any (HasAnyBlocklist) or OperationName in (HasExactBlocklist))\n  and ActorUPN !in (AllowlistedUpns)\n| project TimeGenerated, AuthenticationMechanism, ProjectName, ActorUPN, ActorDisplayName, IpAddress, UserAgent, OperationName, Details, Data\n| extend timestamp = TimeGenerated\n| extend AccountName = tostring(split(ActorUPN, \"@\")[0]), AccountUPNSuffix = tostring(split(ActorUPN, \"@\")[1])\n",
        "queryFrequency": "PT1H",
        "queryPeriod": "PT1H",
        "severity": "High",
        "status": "Available",
        "subTechniques": [],
        "suppressionDuration": "PT1H",
        "suppressionEnabled": false,
        "tactics": [
          "Execution",
          "Impact"
        ],
        "techniques": [
          "T1496",
          "T1559"
        ],
        "templateVersion": "1.0.6",
        "triggerOperator": "GreaterThan",
        "triggerThreshold": 0
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers/alertRules"
    }
  ]
}