AFD WAF - Path Traversal Attack

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Id	a4d99328-e4e6-493d-b0d5-57e6f9ddae77
Rulename	AFD WAF - Path Traversal Attack
Description	Identifies a match for a Path Traversal based attack in the AFD WAF logs. The threshold value in the query can be changed as per your infrastructure’s requirements. References: https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/Path_Traversal
Severity	High
Tactics	DefenseEvasion Execution InitialAccess PrivilegeEscalation Discovery
Techniques	T1548 T1203 T1190 T1548 T1087
Required data connectors	WAF
Kind	Scheduled
Query frequency	6h
Query period	6h
Trigger threshold	0
Trigger operator	gt
Source Uri	https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF)/Analytic Rules/AFD-WAF-Path-Traversal-Attack.yaml
Version	1.0.1
Arm template	a4d99328-e4e6-493d-b0d5-57e6f9ddae77.json

KQL

let Threshold = 3;
AzureDiagnostics
| where Category =~ "FrontDoorWebApplicationFirewallLog"
| where action_s =~ "AnomalyScoring"
| where details_msg_s has "Path Traversal Attack"
| parse details_data_s with MessageText "Matched Data:" MatchedData "AND " * "table_name FROM " TableName " " *
| project trackingReference_s, host_s, requestUri_s, TimeGenerated, clientIP_s, details_matches_s, details_msg_s, details_data_s, TableName, MatchedData
| join kind = inner(
AzureDiagnostics
| where Category =~ "FrontDoorWebApplicationFirewallLog"
| where action_s =~ "Block") on trackingReference_s
| summarize URI_s = make_set(requestUri_s,100), Table = make_set(TableName,100), StartTime = min(TimeGenerated), EndTime = max(TimeGenerated), TrackingReference = make_set(trackingReference_s,100), Matched_Data = make_set(MatchedData,100), Detail_Data = make_set(details_data_s,100), Detail_Message = make_set(details_msg_s,100), Total_TrackingReference = dcount(trackingReference_s) by clientIP_s, host_s, action_s
| where Total_TrackingReference >= Threshold

YAML

relevantTechniques:
- T1548
- T1203
- T1190
- T1548
- T1087
name: AFD WAF - Path Traversal Attack
requiredDataConnectors:
- dataTypes:
  - AzureDiagnostics
  connectorId: WAF
entityMappings:
- fieldMappings:
  - identifier: Url
    columnName: URI_s
  entityType: URL
- fieldMappings:
  - identifier: Address
    columnName: clientIP_s
  entityType: IP
triggerThreshold: 0
id: a4d99328-e4e6-493d-b0d5-57e6f9ddae77
tactics:
- DefenseEvasion
- Execution
- InitialAccess
- PrivilegeEscalation
- Discovery
version: 1.0.1
OriginalUri: https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF)/Analytic Rules/AFD-WAF-Path-Traversal-Attack.yaml
queryPeriod: 6h
kind: Scheduled
tags:
- Path Traversal
queryFrequency: 6h
severity: High
status: Available
description: |
  'Identifies a match for a Path Traversal based attack in the AFD WAF logs. The threshold value in the query can be changed as per your infrastructure's requirements.
  References: https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/Path_Traversal'  
query: |
  let Threshold = 3;
  AzureDiagnostics
  | where Category =~ "FrontDoorWebApplicationFirewallLog"
  | where action_s =~ "AnomalyScoring"
  | where details_msg_s has "Path Traversal Attack"
  | parse details_data_s with MessageText "Matched Data:" MatchedData "AND " * "table_name FROM " TableName " " *
  | project trackingReference_s, host_s, requestUri_s, TimeGenerated, clientIP_s, details_matches_s, details_msg_s, details_data_s, TableName, MatchedData
  | join kind = inner(
  AzureDiagnostics
  | where Category =~ "FrontDoorWebApplicationFirewallLog"
  | where action_s =~ "Block") on trackingReference_s
  | summarize URI_s = make_set(requestUri_s,100), Table = make_set(TableName,100), StartTime = min(TimeGenerated), EndTime = max(TimeGenerated), TrackingReference = make_set(trackingReference_s,100), Matched_Data = make_set(MatchedData,100), Detail_Data = make_set(details_data_s,100), Detail_Message = make_set(details_msg_s,100), Total_TrackingReference = dcount(trackingReference_s) by clientIP_s, host_s, action_s
  | where Total_TrackingReference >= Threshold  
triggerOperator: gt

ARM

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "workspace": {
      "type": "String"
    }
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "apiVersion": "2024-01-01-preview",
      "id": "[concat(resourceId('Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers', parameters('workspace'), 'Microsoft.SecurityInsights'),'/alertRules/a4d99328-e4e6-493d-b0d5-57e6f9ddae77')]",
      "kind": "Scheduled",
      "name": "[concat(parameters('workspace'),'/Microsoft.SecurityInsights/a4d99328-e4e6-493d-b0d5-57e6f9ddae77')]",
      "properties": {
        "alertRuleTemplateName": "a4d99328-e4e6-493d-b0d5-57e6f9ddae77",
        "customDetails": null,
        "description": "'Identifies a match for a Path Traversal based attack in the AFD WAF logs. The threshold value in the query can be changed as per your infrastructure's requirements.\nReferences: https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/Path_Traversal'\n",
        "displayName": "AFD WAF - Path Traversal Attack",
        "enabled": true,
        "entityMappings": [
          {
            "entityType": "URL",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "columnName": "URI_s",
                "identifier": "Url"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "entityType": "IP",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "columnName": "clientIP_s",
                "identifier": "Address"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "OriginalUri": "https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF)/Analytic Rules/AFD-WAF-Path-Traversal-Attack.yaml",
        "query": "let Threshold = 3;\nAzureDiagnostics\n| where Category =~ \"FrontDoorWebApplicationFirewallLog\"\n| where action_s =~ \"AnomalyScoring\"\n| where details_msg_s has \"Path Traversal Attack\"\n| parse details_data_s with MessageText \"Matched Data:\" MatchedData \"AND \" * \"table_name FROM \" TableName \" \" *\n| project trackingReference_s, host_s, requestUri_s, TimeGenerated, clientIP_s, details_matches_s, details_msg_s, details_data_s, TableName, MatchedData\n| join kind = inner(\nAzureDiagnostics\n| where Category =~ \"FrontDoorWebApplicationFirewallLog\"\n| where action_s =~ \"Block\") on trackingReference_s\n| summarize URI_s = make_set(requestUri_s,100), Table = make_set(TableName,100), StartTime = min(TimeGenerated), EndTime = max(TimeGenerated), TrackingReference = make_set(trackingReference_s,100), Matched_Data = make_set(MatchedData,100), Detail_Data = make_set(details_data_s,100), Detail_Message = make_set(details_msg_s,100), Total_TrackingReference = dcount(trackingReference_s) by clientIP_s, host_s, action_s\n| where Total_TrackingReference >= Threshold\n",
        "queryFrequency": "PT6H",
        "queryPeriod": "PT6H",
        "severity": "High",
        "status": "Available",
        "subTechniques": [],
        "suppressionDuration": "PT1H",
        "suppressionEnabled": false,
        "tactics": [
          "DefenseEvasion",
          "Discovery",
          "Execution",
          "InitialAccess",
          "PrivilegeEscalation"
        ],
        "tags": [
          "Path Traversal"
        ],
        "techniques": [
          "T1087",
          "T1190",
          "T1203",
          "T1548"
        ],
        "templateVersion": "1.0.1",
        "triggerOperator": "GreaterThan",
        "triggerThreshold": 0
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers/alertRules"
    }
  ]
}