High count of failed logons by a user

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Id	884c4957-70ea-4f57-80b9-1bca3890315b
Rulename	High count of failed logons by a user
Description	Identifies when 100 or more failed attempts by a given user in 10 minutes occur on the IIS Server. This could be indicative of attempted brute force based on known account information. This could also simply indicate a misconfigured service or device. References: IIS status code mapping - https://support.microsoft.com/help/943891/the-http-status-code-in-iis-7-0-iis-7-5-and-iis-8-0 Win32 Status code mapping - https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc231199.aspx
Severity	Medium
Tactics	CredentialAccess
Techniques	T1110
Required data connectors	AzureMonitor(IIS)
Kind	Scheduled
Query frequency	1d
Query period	1d
Trigger threshold	0
Trigger operator	gt
Source Uri	https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Detections/W3CIISLog/HighFailedLogonCountByUser.yaml
Version	1.0.3
Arm template	884c4957-70ea-4f57-80b9-1bca3890315b.json

KQL

let timeBin = 10m;
let failedThreshold = 100;
W3CIISLog
| where scStatus in ("401","403")
| where csUserName != "-"
// Handling Exchange specific items in IIS logs to remove the unique log identifier in the URI
| extend csUriQuery = iff(csUriQuery startswith "MailboxId=", tostring(split(csUriQuery, "&")[0]) , csUriQuery )
| extend csUriQuery = iff(csUriQuery startswith "X-ARR-CACHE-HIT=", strcat(tostring(split(csUriQuery, "&")[0]),tostring(split(csUriQuery, "&")[1])) , csUriQuery )
| extend scStatusFull = strcat(scStatus, ".",scSubStatus)
// Map common IIS codes
| extend scStatusFull_Friendly = case(
scStatusFull == "401.0", "Access denied.",
scStatusFull == "401.1", "Logon failed.",
scStatusFull == "401.2", "Logon failed due to server configuration.",
scStatusFull == "401.3", "Unauthorized due to ACL on resource.",
scStatusFull == "401.4", "Authorization failed by filter.",
scStatusFull == "401.5", "Authorization failed by ISAPI/CGI application.",
scStatusFull == "403.0", "Forbidden.",
scStatusFull == "403.4", "SSL required.",
"See - https://support.microsoft.com/help/943891/the-http-status-code-in-iis-7-0-iis-7-5-and-iis-8-0")
// Mapping to Hex so can be mapped using website in comments above
| extend scWin32Status_Hex = tohex(tolong(scWin32Status))
// Map common win32 codes
| extend scWin32Status_Friendly = case(
scWin32Status_Hex =~ "775", "The referenced account is currently locked out and cannot be logged on to.",
scWin32Status_Hex =~ "52e", "Logon failure: Unknown user name or bad password.",
scWin32Status_Hex =~ "532", "Logon failure: The specified account password has expired.",
scWin32Status_Hex =~ "533", "Logon failure: Account currently disabled.",
scWin32Status_Hex =~ "2ee2", "The request has timed out.",
scWin32Status_Hex =~ "0", "The operation completed successfully.",
scWin32Status_Hex =~ "1", "Incorrect function.",
scWin32Status_Hex =~ "2", "The system cannot find the file specified.",
scWin32Status_Hex =~ "3", "The system cannot find the path specified.",
scWin32Status_Hex =~ "4", "The system cannot open the file.",
scWin32Status_Hex =~ "5", "Access is denied.",
scWin32Status_Hex =~ "8009030e", "SEC_E_NO_CREDENTIALS",
scWin32Status_Hex =~ "8009030C", "SEC_E_LOGON_DENIED",
"See - https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc231199.aspx")
// decode URI when available
| extend decodedUriQuery = url_decode(csUriQuery)
// Count of failed logons by a user
| summarize makeset(decodedUriQuery), makeset(cIP), makeset(sSiteName), makeset(sPort), makeset(csUserAgent), makeset(csMethod), makeset(csUriQuery), makeset(scStatusFull), makeset(scStatusFull_Friendly), makeset(scWin32Status_Hex), makeset(scWin32Status_Friendly), FailedConnectionsCount = count() by bin(TimeGenerated, timeBin), csUserName, Computer, sIP
| where FailedConnectionsCount >= failedThreshold
| project TimeGenerated, csUserName, set_decodedUriQuery, Computer, set_sSiteName, sIP, set_cIP, set_sPort, set_csUserAgent, set_csMethod, set_scStatusFull, set_scStatusFull_Friendly, set_scWin32Status_Hex, set_scWin32Status_Friendly, FailedConnectionsCount
| order by FailedConnectionsCount
| extend HostName = tostring(split(Computer, ".")[0]), DomainIndex = toint(indexof(Computer, '.'))
| extend HostNameDomain = iff(DomainIndex != -1, substring(Computer, DomainIndex + 1), Computer)
| extend AccountName = tostring(split(csUserName, "@")[0]), AccountUPNSuffix = tostring(split(csUserName, "@")[1])

YAML

relevantTechniques:
- T1110
name: High count of failed logons by a user
requiredDataConnectors:
- dataTypes:
  - W3CIISLog
  connectorId: AzureMonitor(IIS)
entityMappings:
- fieldMappings:
  - identifier: FullName
    columnName: csUserName
  - identifier: Name
    columnName: AccountName
  - identifier: UPNSuffix
    columnName: AccountUPNSuffix
  entityType: Account
- fieldMappings:
  - identifier: FullName
    columnName: Computer
  - identifier: HostName
    columnName: HostName
  - identifier: NTDomain
    columnName: HostNameDomain
  entityType: Host
triggerThreshold: 0
id: 884c4957-70ea-4f57-80b9-1bca3890315b
tactics:
- CredentialAccess
version: 1.0.3
OriginalUri: https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Detections/W3CIISLog/HighFailedLogonCountByUser.yaml
queryPeriod: 1d
kind: Scheduled
metadata:
  categories:
    domains:
    - Security - Others
  author:
    name: Microsoft Security Research
  support:
    tier: Community
  source:
    kind: Community
queryFrequency: 1d
severity: Medium
description: |
  'Identifies when 100 or more failed attempts by a given user in 10 minutes occur on the IIS Server.
  This could be indicative of attempted brute force based on known account information.
  This could also simply indicate a misconfigured service or device.
  References:
  IIS status code mapping - https://support.microsoft.com/help/943891/the-http-status-code-in-iis-7-0-iis-7-5-and-iis-8-0
  Win32 Status code mapping - https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc231199.aspx'  
query: |
  let timeBin = 10m;
  let failedThreshold = 100;
  W3CIISLog
  | where scStatus in ("401","403")
  | where csUserName != "-"
  // Handling Exchange specific items in IIS logs to remove the unique log identifier in the URI
  | extend csUriQuery = iff(csUriQuery startswith "MailboxId=", tostring(split(csUriQuery, "&")[0]) , csUriQuery )
  | extend csUriQuery = iff(csUriQuery startswith "X-ARR-CACHE-HIT=", strcat(tostring(split(csUriQuery, "&")[0]),tostring(split(csUriQuery, "&")[1])) , csUriQuery )
  | extend scStatusFull = strcat(scStatus, ".",scSubStatus)
  // Map common IIS codes
  | extend scStatusFull_Friendly = case(
  scStatusFull == "401.0", "Access denied.",
  scStatusFull == "401.1", "Logon failed.",
  scStatusFull == "401.2", "Logon failed due to server configuration.",
  scStatusFull == "401.3", "Unauthorized due to ACL on resource.",
  scStatusFull == "401.4", "Authorization failed by filter.",
  scStatusFull == "401.5", "Authorization failed by ISAPI/CGI application.",
  scStatusFull == "403.0", "Forbidden.",
  scStatusFull == "403.4", "SSL required.",
  "See - https://support.microsoft.com/help/943891/the-http-status-code-in-iis-7-0-iis-7-5-and-iis-8-0")
  // Mapping to Hex so can be mapped using website in comments above
  | extend scWin32Status_Hex = tohex(tolong(scWin32Status))
  // Map common win32 codes
  | extend scWin32Status_Friendly = case(
  scWin32Status_Hex =~ "775", "The referenced account is currently locked out and cannot be logged on to.",
  scWin32Status_Hex =~ "52e", "Logon failure: Unknown user name or bad password.",
  scWin32Status_Hex =~ "532", "Logon failure: The specified account password has expired.",
  scWin32Status_Hex =~ "533", "Logon failure: Account currently disabled.",
  scWin32Status_Hex =~ "2ee2", "The request has timed out.",
  scWin32Status_Hex =~ "0", "The operation completed successfully.",
  scWin32Status_Hex =~ "1", "Incorrect function.",
  scWin32Status_Hex =~ "2", "The system cannot find the file specified.",
  scWin32Status_Hex =~ "3", "The system cannot find the path specified.",
  scWin32Status_Hex =~ "4", "The system cannot open the file.",
  scWin32Status_Hex =~ "5", "Access is denied.",
  scWin32Status_Hex =~ "8009030e", "SEC_E_NO_CREDENTIALS",
  scWin32Status_Hex =~ "8009030C", "SEC_E_LOGON_DENIED",
  "See - https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc231199.aspx")
  // decode URI when available
  | extend decodedUriQuery = url_decode(csUriQuery)
  // Count of failed logons by a user
  | summarize makeset(decodedUriQuery), makeset(cIP), makeset(sSiteName), makeset(sPort), makeset(csUserAgent), makeset(csMethod), makeset(csUriQuery), makeset(scStatusFull), makeset(scStatusFull_Friendly), makeset(scWin32Status_Hex), makeset(scWin32Status_Friendly), FailedConnectionsCount = count() by bin(TimeGenerated, timeBin), csUserName, Computer, sIP
  | where FailedConnectionsCount >= failedThreshold
  | project TimeGenerated, csUserName, set_decodedUriQuery, Computer, set_sSiteName, sIP, set_cIP, set_sPort, set_csUserAgent, set_csMethod, set_scStatusFull, set_scStatusFull_Friendly, set_scWin32Status_Hex, set_scWin32Status_Friendly, FailedConnectionsCount
  | order by FailedConnectionsCount
  | extend HostName = tostring(split(Computer, ".")[0]), DomainIndex = toint(indexof(Computer, '.'))
  | extend HostNameDomain = iff(DomainIndex != -1, substring(Computer, DomainIndex + 1), Computer)
  | extend AccountName = tostring(split(csUserName, "@")[0]), AccountUPNSuffix = tostring(split(csUserName, "@")[1])  
triggerOperator: gt

ARM

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "workspace": {
      "type": "String"
    }
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "apiVersion": "2024-01-01-preview",
      "id": "[concat(resourceId('Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers', parameters('workspace'), 'Microsoft.SecurityInsights'),'/alertRules/884c4957-70ea-4f57-80b9-1bca3890315b')]",
      "kind": "Scheduled",
      "name": "[concat(parameters('workspace'),'/Microsoft.SecurityInsights/884c4957-70ea-4f57-80b9-1bca3890315b')]",
      "properties": {
        "alertRuleTemplateName": "884c4957-70ea-4f57-80b9-1bca3890315b",
        "customDetails": null,
        "description": "'Identifies when 100 or more failed attempts by a given user in 10 minutes occur on the IIS Server.\nThis could be indicative of attempted brute force based on known account information.\nThis could also simply indicate a misconfigured service or device.\nReferences:\nIIS status code mapping - https://support.microsoft.com/help/943891/the-http-status-code-in-iis-7-0-iis-7-5-and-iis-8-0\nWin32 Status code mapping - https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc231199.aspx'\n",
        "displayName": "High count of failed logons by a user",
        "enabled": true,
        "entityMappings": [
          {
            "entityType": "Account",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "columnName": "csUserName",
                "identifier": "FullName"
              },
              {
                "columnName": "AccountName",
                "identifier": "Name"
              },
              {
                "columnName": "AccountUPNSuffix",
                "identifier": "UPNSuffix"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "entityType": "Host",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "columnName": "Computer",
                "identifier": "FullName"
              },
              {
                "columnName": "HostName",
                "identifier": "HostName"
              },
              {
                "columnName": "HostNameDomain",
                "identifier": "NTDomain"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "OriginalUri": "https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Detections/W3CIISLog/HighFailedLogonCountByUser.yaml",
        "query": "let timeBin = 10m;\nlet failedThreshold = 100;\nW3CIISLog\n| where scStatus in (\"401\",\"403\")\n| where csUserName != \"-\"\n// Handling Exchange specific items in IIS logs to remove the unique log identifier in the URI\n| extend csUriQuery = iff(csUriQuery startswith \"MailboxId=\", tostring(split(csUriQuery, \"&\")[0]) , csUriQuery )\n| extend csUriQuery = iff(csUriQuery startswith \"X-ARR-CACHE-HIT=\", strcat(tostring(split(csUriQuery, \"&\")[0]),tostring(split(csUriQuery, \"&\")[1])) , csUriQuery )\n| extend scStatusFull = strcat(scStatus, \".\",scSubStatus)\n// Map common IIS codes\n| extend scStatusFull_Friendly = case(\nscStatusFull == \"401.0\", \"Access denied.\",\nscStatusFull == \"401.1\", \"Logon failed.\",\nscStatusFull == \"401.2\", \"Logon failed due to server configuration.\",\nscStatusFull == \"401.3\", \"Unauthorized due to ACL on resource.\",\nscStatusFull == \"401.4\", \"Authorization failed by filter.\",\nscStatusFull == \"401.5\", \"Authorization failed by ISAPI/CGI application.\",\nscStatusFull == \"403.0\", \"Forbidden.\",\nscStatusFull == \"403.4\", \"SSL required.\",\n\"See - https://support.microsoft.com/help/943891/the-http-status-code-in-iis-7-0-iis-7-5-and-iis-8-0\")\n// Mapping to Hex so can be mapped using website in comments above\n| extend scWin32Status_Hex = tohex(tolong(scWin32Status))\n// Map common win32 codes\n| extend scWin32Status_Friendly = case(\nscWin32Status_Hex =~ \"775\", \"The referenced account is currently locked out and cannot be logged on to.\",\nscWin32Status_Hex =~ \"52e\", \"Logon failure: Unknown user name or bad password.\",\nscWin32Status_Hex =~ \"532\", \"Logon failure: The specified account password has expired.\",\nscWin32Status_Hex =~ \"533\", \"Logon failure: Account currently disabled.\",\nscWin32Status_Hex =~ \"2ee2\", \"The request has timed out.\",\nscWin32Status_Hex =~ \"0\", \"The operation completed successfully.\",\nscWin32Status_Hex =~ \"1\", \"Incorrect function.\",\nscWin32Status_Hex =~ \"2\", \"The system cannot find the file specified.\",\nscWin32Status_Hex =~ \"3\", \"The system cannot find the path specified.\",\nscWin32Status_Hex =~ \"4\", \"The system cannot open the file.\",\nscWin32Status_Hex =~ \"5\", \"Access is denied.\",\nscWin32Status_Hex =~ \"8009030e\", \"SEC_E_NO_CREDENTIALS\",\nscWin32Status_Hex =~ \"8009030C\", \"SEC_E_LOGON_DENIED\",\n\"See - https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc231199.aspx\")\n// decode URI when available\n| extend decodedUriQuery = url_decode(csUriQuery)\n// Count of failed logons by a user\n| summarize makeset(decodedUriQuery), makeset(cIP), makeset(sSiteName), makeset(sPort), makeset(csUserAgent), makeset(csMethod), makeset(csUriQuery), makeset(scStatusFull), makeset(scStatusFull_Friendly), makeset(scWin32Status_Hex), makeset(scWin32Status_Friendly), FailedConnectionsCount = count() by bin(TimeGenerated, timeBin), csUserName, Computer, sIP\n| where FailedConnectionsCount >= failedThreshold\n| project TimeGenerated, csUserName, set_decodedUriQuery, Computer, set_sSiteName, sIP, set_cIP, set_sPort, set_csUserAgent, set_csMethod, set_scStatusFull, set_scStatusFull_Friendly, set_scWin32Status_Hex, set_scWin32Status_Friendly, FailedConnectionsCount\n| order by FailedConnectionsCount\n| extend HostName = tostring(split(Computer, \".\")[0]), DomainIndex = toint(indexof(Computer, '.'))\n| extend HostNameDomain = iff(DomainIndex != -1, substring(Computer, DomainIndex + 1), Computer)\n| extend AccountName = tostring(split(csUserName, \"@\")[0]), AccountUPNSuffix = tostring(split(csUserName, \"@\")[1])\n",
        "queryFrequency": "P1D",
        "queryPeriod": "P1D",
        "severity": "Medium",
        "subTechniques": [],
        "suppressionDuration": "PT1H",
        "suppressionEnabled": false,
        "tactics": [
          "CredentialAccess"
        ],
        "techniques": [
          "T1110"
        ],
        "templateVersion": "1.0.3",
        "triggerOperator": "GreaterThan",
        "triggerThreshold": 0
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers/alertRules"
    }
  ]
}