Microsoft Sentinel Analytic Rules
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Detect DNS queries reporting multiple errors from different clients - Static threshold based (ASIM DNS Solution)

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Id5b8344eb-fa28-4ac3-bcff-bc19d5d63089
RulenameDetect DNS queries reporting multiple errors from different clients - Static threshold based (ASIM DNS Solution)
DescriptionThis rule creates an alert when multiple clients report errors for the same DNS query. This helps in identifying possible similar C2 communications originating from different clients.\n\nIt utilizes ASIM normalization and is applied to any source that supports the ASIM DNS schema.
SeverityMedium
TacticsCommandAndControl
TechniquesT1568
T1573
T1008
Required data connectorsAIVectraStream
ASimDnsActivityLogs
AzureFirewall
CiscoUmbrellaDataConnector
Corelight
DNS
GCPDNSDataConnector
InfobloxNIOS
ISCBind
NXLogDnsLogs
WindowsForwardedEvents
Zscaler
KindScheduled
Query frequency1h
Query period1h
Trigger threshold0
Trigger operatorgt
Source Urihttps://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/DNS Essentials/Analytic Rules/MultipleErrorsReportedForSameDNSQueryStaticThresholdBased.yaml
Version1.0.0
Arm template5b8344eb-fa28-4ac3-bcff-bc19d5d63089.json
Deploy To Azure
let lookback=1h;
let threshold = materialize (_GetWatchlist('DNS_Solution_Monitoring_Configuration')
  | where wl_RuleName == 'Multiple errors reported for same DNSQuery' and wl_Type == 'Detection'
  | project toint(wl_Threshold));
let errors = dynamic(['NXDOMAIN', 'SERVFAIL', 'REFUSED']);
_Im_Dns(starttime=ago(lookback))
  | where EventResultDetails has_any (errors)
  | summarize SrcIPs = make_set(SrcIpAddr, 100) by DnsQuery, bin(TimeGenerated, 10min)
  | where array_length(SrcIPs) >= toscalar(threshold)
  | extend TotalIPs = array_length(SrcIPs),IPCountthreshold = toscalar(threshold)
queryFrequency: 1h
alertDetailsOverride:
  alertDisplayNameFormat: "[Static threshold] Multiple errors for the same DNS query has been detected - '{{DnsQuery}}'"
  alertDescriptionFormat: |-
    Multiple errors were detected on different clients for the same DNS query. These unsuccessful responses can be an indication of C2 communication. 

    Threshold for total clients reporting errors: '{{IPCountthreshold}}'

    Current count of clients reporting errors for this DNS query: '{{TotalIPs}}'

    Clients requesting this DNSQuery include:

    '{{SrcIPs}}'    
triggerOperator: gt
tactics:
- CommandAndControl
description: |
    'This rule creates an alert when multiple clients report errors for the same DNS query. This helps in identifying possible similar C2 communications originating from different clients.\n\nIt utilizes [ASIM](https://aka.ms/AboutASIM) normalization and is applied to any source that supports the ASIM DNS schema.'
eventGroupingSettings:
  aggregationKind: AlertPerResult
status: Available
relevantTechniques:
- T1568
- T1573
- T1008
name: Detect DNS queries reporting multiple errors from different clients - Static threshold based (ASIM DNS Solution)
OriginalUri: https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/DNS Essentials/Analytic Rules/MultipleErrorsReportedForSameDNSQueryStaticThresholdBased.yaml
severity: Medium
triggerThreshold: 0
version: 1.0.0
entityMappings:
- entityType: DNS
  fieldMappings:
  - identifier: DomainName
    columnName: DnsQuery
tags:
- Schema: ASimDns
  SchemaVersion: 0.1.6
customDetails:
  TotalIPs: TotalIPs
  SrcIPs: SrcIPs
  IPCountthreshold: IPCountthreshold
id: 5b8344eb-fa28-4ac3-bcff-bc19d5d63089
requiredDataConnectors:
- connectorId: ASimDnsActivityLogs
  dataTypes:
  - ASimDnsActivityLogs
- connectorId: GCPDNSDataConnector
  dataTypes:
  - GCP_DNS_CL
- connectorId: AzureFirewall
  dataTypes:
  - AzureDiagnostics
- connectorId: CiscoUmbrellaDataConnector
  dataTypes:
  - Cisco_Umbrella_proxy_CL
- connectorId: Corelight
  dataTypes:
  - Corelight_CL
- connectorId: InfobloxNIOS
  dataTypes:
  - Syslog
- connectorId: NXLogDnsLogs
  dataTypes:
  - NXLog_DNS_Server_CL
- connectorId: DNS
  dataTypes:
  - DnsEvents
- connectorId: AIVectraStream
  dataTypes:
  - VectraStream_CL
- connectorId: WindowsForwardedEvents
  dataTypes:
  - WindowsEvents
- connectorId: Zscaler
  dataTypes:
  - CommonSecurityLog
- connectorId: ISCBind
  dataTypes:
  - Syslog
kind: Scheduled
query: |
  let lookback=1h;
  let threshold = materialize (_GetWatchlist('DNS_Solution_Monitoring_Configuration')
    | where wl_RuleName == 'Multiple errors reported for same DNSQuery' and wl_Type == 'Detection'
    | project toint(wl_Threshold));
  let errors = dynamic(['NXDOMAIN', 'SERVFAIL', 'REFUSED']);
  _Im_Dns(starttime=ago(lookback))
    | where EventResultDetails has_any (errors)
    | summarize SrcIPs = make_set(SrcIpAddr, 100) by DnsQuery, bin(TimeGenerated, 10min)
    | where array_length(SrcIPs) >= toscalar(threshold)
    | extend TotalIPs = array_length(SrcIPs),IPCountthreshold = toscalar(threshold)  
queryPeriod: 1h
{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "workspace": {
      "type": "String"
    }
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "id": "[concat(resourceId('Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers', parameters('workspace'), 'Microsoft.SecurityInsights'),'/alertRules/5b8344eb-fa28-4ac3-bcff-bc19d5d63089')]",
      "name": "[concat(parameters('workspace'),'/Microsoft.SecurityInsights/5b8344eb-fa28-4ac3-bcff-bc19d5d63089')]",
      "type": "Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers/alertRules",
      "kind": "Scheduled",
      "apiVersion": "2022-11-01",
      "properties": {
        "displayName": "Detect DNS queries reporting multiple errors from different clients - Static threshold based (ASIM DNS Solution)",
        "description": "'This rule creates an alert when multiple clients report errors for the same DNS query. This helps in identifying possible similar C2 communications originating from different clients.\\n\\nIt utilizes [ASIM](https://aka.ms/AboutASIM) normalization and is applied to any source that supports the ASIM DNS schema.'\n",
        "severity": "Medium",
        "enabled": true,
        "query": "let lookback=1h;\nlet threshold = materialize (_GetWatchlist('DNS_Solution_Monitoring_Configuration')\n  | where wl_RuleName == 'Multiple errors reported for same DNSQuery' and wl_Type == 'Detection'\n  | project toint(wl_Threshold));\nlet errors = dynamic(['NXDOMAIN', 'SERVFAIL', 'REFUSED']);\n_Im_Dns(starttime=ago(lookback))\n  | where EventResultDetails has_any (errors)\n  | summarize SrcIPs = make_set(SrcIpAddr, 100) by DnsQuery, bin(TimeGenerated, 10min)\n  | where array_length(SrcIPs) >= toscalar(threshold)\n  | extend TotalIPs = array_length(SrcIPs),IPCountthreshold = toscalar(threshold)\n",
        "queryFrequency": "PT1H",
        "queryPeriod": "PT1H",
        "triggerOperator": "GreaterThan",
        "triggerThreshold": 0,
        "suppressionDuration": "PT1H",
        "suppressionEnabled": false,
        "tactics": [
          "CommandAndControl"
        ],
        "techniques": [
          "T1568",
          "T1573",
          "T1008"
        ],
        "alertRuleTemplateName": "5b8344eb-fa28-4ac3-bcff-bc19d5d63089",
        "eventGroupingSettings": {
          "aggregationKind": "AlertPerResult"
        },
        "alertDetailsOverride": {
          "alertDisplayNameFormat": "[Static threshold] Multiple errors for the same DNS query has been detected - '{{DnsQuery}}'",
          "alertDescriptionFormat": "Multiple errors were detected on different clients for the same DNS query. These unsuccessful responses can be an indication of C2 communication. \n\nThreshold for total clients reporting errors: '{{IPCountthreshold}}'\n\nCurrent count of clients reporting errors for this DNS query: '{{TotalIPs}}'\n\nClients requesting this DNSQuery include:\n\n'{{SrcIPs}}'"
        },
        "customDetails": {
          "TotalIPs": "TotalIPs",
          "SrcIPs": "SrcIPs",
          "IPCountthreshold": "IPCountthreshold"
        },
        "entityMappings": [
          {
            "entityType": "DNS",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "identifier": "DomainName",
                "columnName": "DnsQuery"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "status": "Available",
        "templateVersion": "1.0.0",
        "tags": [
          {
            "Schema": "ASimDns",
            "SchemaVersion": "0.1.6"
          }
        ],
        "OriginalUri": "https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/DNS Essentials/Analytic Rules/MultipleErrorsReportedForSameDNSQueryStaticThresholdBased.yaml"
      }
    }
  ]
}