Detect DNS queries reporting multiple errors from different clients - Static threshold based (ASIM DNS Solution)

let lookback=1h;
let threshold = materialize (_GetWatchlist('DNS_Solution_Monitoring_Configuration')
  | where wl_RuleName == 'Multiple errors reported for same DNSQuery' and wl_Type == 'Detection'
  | project toint(wl_Threshold));
let errors = dynamic(['NXDOMAIN', 'SERVFAIL', 'REFUSED']);
_Im_Dns(starttime=ago(lookback))
  | where EventResultDetails has_any (errors)
  | summarize SrcIPs = make_set(SrcIpAddr, 100) by DnsQuery, bin(TimeGenerated, 10min)
  | where array_length(SrcIPs) >= toscalar(threshold)
  | extend TotalIPs = array_length(SrcIPs),IPCountthreshold = toscalar(threshold)

queryFrequency: 1h
alertDetailsOverride:
  alertDisplayNameFormat: "[Static threshold] Multiple errors for the same DNS query has been detected - '{{DnsQuery}}'"
  alertDescriptionFormat: |-
    Multiple errors were detected on different clients for the same DNS query. These unsuccessful responses can be an indication of C2 communication. 

    Threshold for total clients reporting errors: '{{IPCountthreshold}}'

    Current count of clients reporting errors for this DNS query: '{{TotalIPs}}'

    Clients requesting this DNSQuery include:

    '{{SrcIPs}}'    
triggerOperator: gt
tactics:
- CommandAndControl
description: |
    'This rule creates an alert when multiple clients report errors for the same DNS query. This helps in identifying possible similar C2 communications originating from different clients.\n\nIt utilizes [ASIM](https://aka.ms/AboutASIM) normalization and is applied to any source that supports the ASIM DNS schema.'
eventGroupingSettings:
  aggregationKind: AlertPerResult
status: Available
relevantTechniques:
- T1568
- T1573
- T1008
name: Detect DNS queries reporting multiple errors from different clients - Static threshold based (ASIM DNS Solution)
OriginalUri: https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/DNS Essentials/Analytic Rules/MultipleErrorsReportedForSameDNSQueryStaticThresholdBased.yaml
severity: Medium
triggerThreshold: 0
version: 1.0.0
entityMappings:
- entityType: DNS
  fieldMappings:
  - identifier: DomainName
    columnName: DnsQuery
tags:
- Schema: ASimDns
  SchemaVersion: 0.1.6
customDetails:
  TotalIPs: TotalIPs
  SrcIPs: SrcIPs
  IPCountthreshold: IPCountthreshold
id: 5b8344eb-fa28-4ac3-bcff-bc19d5d63089
requiredDataConnectors:
- connectorId: ASimDnsActivityLogs
  dataTypes:
  - ASimDnsActivityLogs
- connectorId: GCPDNSDataConnector
  dataTypes:
  - GCP_DNS_CL
- connectorId: AzureFirewall
  dataTypes:
  - AzureDiagnostics
- connectorId: CiscoUmbrellaDataConnector
  dataTypes:
  - Cisco_Umbrella_proxy_CL
- connectorId: Corelight
  dataTypes:
  - Corelight_CL
- connectorId: InfobloxNIOS
  dataTypes:
  - Syslog
- connectorId: NXLogDnsLogs
  dataTypes:
  - NXLog_DNS_Server_CL
- connectorId: DNS
  dataTypes:
  - DnsEvents
- connectorId: AIVectraStream
  dataTypes:
  - VectraStream_CL
- connectorId: WindowsForwardedEvents
  dataTypes:
  - WindowsEvents
- connectorId: Zscaler
  dataTypes:
  - CommonSecurityLog
- connectorId: ISCBind
  dataTypes:
  - Syslog
kind: Scheduled
query: |
  let lookback=1h;
  let threshold = materialize (_GetWatchlist('DNS_Solution_Monitoring_Configuration')
    | where wl_RuleName == 'Multiple errors reported for same DNSQuery' and wl_Type == 'Detection'
    | project toint(wl_Threshold));
  let errors = dynamic(['NXDOMAIN', 'SERVFAIL', 'REFUSED']);
  _Im_Dns(starttime=ago(lookback))
    | where EventResultDetails has_any (errors)
    | summarize SrcIPs = make_set(SrcIpAddr, 100) by DnsQuery, bin(TimeGenerated, 10min)
    | where array_length(SrcIPs) >= toscalar(threshold)
    | extend TotalIPs = array_length(SrcIPs),IPCountthreshold = toscalar(threshold)  
queryPeriod: 1h

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "workspace": {
      "type": "String"
    }
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "id": "[concat(resourceId('Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers', parameters('workspace'), 'Microsoft.SecurityInsights'),'/alertRules/5b8344eb-fa28-4ac3-bcff-bc19d5d63089')]",
      "name": "[concat(parameters('workspace'),'/Microsoft.SecurityInsights/5b8344eb-fa28-4ac3-bcff-bc19d5d63089')]",
      "type": "Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers/alertRules",
      "kind": "Scheduled",
      "apiVersion": "2022-11-01",
      "properties": {
        "displayName": "Detect DNS queries reporting multiple errors from different clients - Static threshold based (ASIM DNS Solution)",
        "description": "'This rule creates an alert when multiple clients report errors for the same DNS query. This helps in identifying possible similar C2 communications originating from different clients.\\n\\nIt utilizes [ASIM](https://aka.ms/AboutASIM) normalization and is applied to any source that supports the ASIM DNS schema.'\n",
        "severity": "Medium",
        "enabled": true,
        "query": "let lookback=1h;\nlet threshold = materialize (_GetWatchlist('DNS_Solution_Monitoring_Configuration')\n  | where wl_RuleName == 'Multiple errors reported for same DNSQuery' and wl_Type == 'Detection'\n  | project toint(wl_Threshold));\nlet errors = dynamic(['NXDOMAIN', 'SERVFAIL', 'REFUSED']);\n_Im_Dns(starttime=ago(lookback))\n  | where EventResultDetails has_any (errors)\n  | summarize SrcIPs = make_set(SrcIpAddr, 100) by DnsQuery, bin(TimeGenerated, 10min)\n  | where array_length(SrcIPs) >= toscalar(threshold)\n  | extend TotalIPs = array_length(SrcIPs),IPCountthreshold = toscalar(threshold)\n",
        "queryFrequency": "PT1H",
        "queryPeriod": "PT1H",
        "triggerOperator": "GreaterThan",
        "triggerThreshold": 0,
        "suppressionDuration": "PT1H",
        "suppressionEnabled": false,
        "tactics": [
          "CommandAndControl"
        ],
        "techniques": [
          "T1568",
          "T1573",
          "T1008"
        ],
        "alertRuleTemplateName": "5b8344eb-fa28-4ac3-bcff-bc19d5d63089",
        "eventGroupingSettings": {
          "aggregationKind": "AlertPerResult"
        },
        "alertDetailsOverride": {
          "alertDisplayNameFormat": "[Static threshold] Multiple errors for the same DNS query has been detected - '{{DnsQuery}}'",
          "alertDescriptionFormat": "Multiple errors were detected on different clients for the same DNS query. These unsuccessful responses can be an indication of C2 communication. \n\nThreshold for total clients reporting errors: '{{IPCountthreshold}}'\n\nCurrent count of clients reporting errors for this DNS query: '{{TotalIPs}}'\n\nClients requesting this DNSQuery include:\n\n'{{SrcIPs}}'"
        },
        "customDetails": {
          "TotalIPs": "TotalIPs",
          "SrcIPs": "SrcIPs",
          "IPCountthreshold": "IPCountthreshold"
        },
        "entityMappings": [
          {
            "entityType": "DNS",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "identifier": "DomainName",
                "columnName": "DnsQuery"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "status": "Available",
        "templateVersion": "1.0.0",
        "tags": [
          {
            "Schema": "ASimDns",
            "SchemaVersion": "0.1.6"
          }
        ],
        "OriginalUri": "https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/DNS Essentials/Analytic Rules/MultipleErrorsReportedForSameDNSQueryStaticThresholdBased.yaml"
      }
    }
  ]
}