A potentially malicious web request was executed against a web server

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Id	46ac55ae-47b8-414a-8f94-89ccd1962178
Rulename	A potentially malicious web request was executed against a web server
Description	Detects unobstructed Web Application Firewall (WAF) activity in sessions where the WAF blocked incoming requests by computing the ratio between blocked requests and unobstructed WAF requests in these sessions (BlockvsSuccessRatio metric). A high ratio value for a given client IP and hostname calls for further investigation of the WAF data in that session, due to the significantly high number of blocked requests and a few unobstructed logs that may be malicious but have passed undetected through the WAF. The successCode variable defines what the detection thinks is a successful status code and should be altered to fit the environment.
Severity	Medium
Tactics	InitialAccess
Techniques	T1190
Required data connectors	WAF
Kind	Scheduled
Query frequency	1d
Query period	1d
Trigger threshold	0
Trigger operator	gt
Source Uri	https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF)/Analytic Rules/MaliciousWAFSessions.yaml
Version	1.0.5
Arm template	46ac55ae-47b8-414a-8f94-89ccd1962178.json

KQL

let queryperiod = 1d;
let mode = dynamic(['Blocked', 'Detected']);
let successCode = dynamic(['200', '101','204', '400','504','304','401','500']);
let sessionBin = 30m;
AzureDiagnostics
| where TimeGenerated > ago(queryperiod)
| where ResourceProvider == 'MICROSOFT.NETWORK' and Category =~ 'ApplicationGatewayFirewallLog' and action_s in (mode)
| sort by hostname_s asc, clientIp_s asc, TimeGenerated asc
| extend SessionBlockedStarted = row_window_session(TimeGenerated, queryperiod, 10m, ((clientIp_s != prev(clientIp_s)) or (hostname_s != prev(hostname_s))))
| summarize SessionBlockedEnded = max(TimeGenerated), SessionBlockedCount = count() by hostname_s, clientIp_s, SessionBlockedStarted
| extend TimeKey = range(bin(SessionBlockedStarted, sessionBin), bin(SessionBlockedEnded, sessionBin), sessionBin)
| mv-expand TimeKey to typeof(datetime)
| join kind = inner(
    AzureDiagnostics
    | where TimeGenerated > ago(queryperiod)
    | where Category =~ 'ApplicationGatewayAccessLog' and (isempty(httpStatus_d) or httpStatus_d in (successCode))
    | extend TimeKey = bin(TimeGenerated, sessionBin)
    | extend hostname_s = coalesce(hostname_s,host_s), clientIp_s = coalesce(clientIp_s,clientIP_s)
) on TimeKey, hostname_s , clientIp_s
| where TimeGenerated between (SessionBlockedStarted..SessionBlockedEnded)
| extend
    originalRequestUriWithArgs_s = column_ifexists("originalRequestUriWithArgs_s", ""),
    serverStatus_s = column_ifexists("serverStatus_s", "")
| summarize
    SuccessfulAccessCount = count(),
    UserAgents = make_set(userAgent_s, 250),
    RequestURIs = make_set(requestUri_s, 250),
    OriginalRequestURIs = make_set(originalRequestUriWithArgs_s, 250),
    SuccessCodes = make_set(httpStatus_d, 250),
    SuccessCodes_BackendServer = make_set(serverStatus_s, 250),
    take_any(SessionBlockedEnded, SessionBlockedCount)
    by hostname_s, clientIp_s, SessionBlockedStarted
| where SessionBlockedCount > SuccessfulAccessCount
| extend BlockvsSuccessRatio = SessionBlockedCount/toreal(SuccessfulAccessCount)
| sort by BlockvsSuccessRatio desc, SessionBlockedStarted asc
| project-reorder SessionBlockedStarted, SessionBlockedEnded, hostname_s, clientIp_s, SessionBlockedCount, SuccessfulAccessCount, BlockvsSuccessRatio, SuccessCodes, RequestURIs, OriginalRequestURIs, UserAgents

YAML

relevantTechniques:
- T1190
name: A potentially malicious web request was executed against a web server
requiredDataConnectors:
- dataTypes:
  - AzureDiagnostics
  connectorId: WAF
entityMappings:
- fieldMappings:
  - identifier: Address
    columnName: clientIp_s
  entityType: IP
triggerThreshold: 0
id: 46ac55ae-47b8-414a-8f94-89ccd1962178
tactics:
- InitialAccess
version: 1.0.5
OriginalUri: https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF)/Analytic Rules/MaliciousWAFSessions.yaml
queryPeriod: 1d
kind: Scheduled
queryFrequency: 1d
severity: Medium
status: Available
description: |
  'Detects unobstructed Web Application Firewall (WAF) activity in sessions where the WAF blocked incoming requests by computing the ratio between blocked requests and unobstructed WAF requests in these sessions (BlockvsSuccessRatio metric).
  A high ratio value for a given client IP and hostname calls for further investigation of the WAF data in that session, due to the significantly high number of blocked requests and a few unobstructed logs that may be malicious but have passed undetected through the WAF. The successCode variable defines what the detection thinks is a successful status code and should be altered to fit the environment.'  
query: |
  let queryperiod = 1d;
  let mode = dynamic(['Blocked', 'Detected']);
  let successCode = dynamic(['200', '101','204', '400','504','304','401','500']);
  let sessionBin = 30m;
  AzureDiagnostics
  | where TimeGenerated > ago(queryperiod)
  | where ResourceProvider == 'MICROSOFT.NETWORK' and Category =~ 'ApplicationGatewayFirewallLog' and action_s in (mode)
  | sort by hostname_s asc, clientIp_s asc, TimeGenerated asc
  | extend SessionBlockedStarted = row_window_session(TimeGenerated, queryperiod, 10m, ((clientIp_s != prev(clientIp_s)) or (hostname_s != prev(hostname_s))))
  | summarize SessionBlockedEnded = max(TimeGenerated), SessionBlockedCount = count() by hostname_s, clientIp_s, SessionBlockedStarted
  | extend TimeKey = range(bin(SessionBlockedStarted, sessionBin), bin(SessionBlockedEnded, sessionBin), sessionBin)
  | mv-expand TimeKey to typeof(datetime)
  | join kind = inner(
      AzureDiagnostics
      | where TimeGenerated > ago(queryperiod)
      | where Category =~ 'ApplicationGatewayAccessLog' and (isempty(httpStatus_d) or httpStatus_d in (successCode))
      | extend TimeKey = bin(TimeGenerated, sessionBin)
      | extend hostname_s = coalesce(hostname_s,host_s), clientIp_s = coalesce(clientIp_s,clientIP_s)
  ) on TimeKey, hostname_s , clientIp_s
  | where TimeGenerated between (SessionBlockedStarted..SessionBlockedEnded)
  | extend
      originalRequestUriWithArgs_s = column_ifexists("originalRequestUriWithArgs_s", ""),
      serverStatus_s = column_ifexists("serverStatus_s", "")
  | summarize
      SuccessfulAccessCount = count(),
      UserAgents = make_set(userAgent_s, 250),
      RequestURIs = make_set(requestUri_s, 250),
      OriginalRequestURIs = make_set(originalRequestUriWithArgs_s, 250),
      SuccessCodes = make_set(httpStatus_d, 250),
      SuccessCodes_BackendServer = make_set(serverStatus_s, 250),
      take_any(SessionBlockedEnded, SessionBlockedCount)
      by hostname_s, clientIp_s, SessionBlockedStarted
  | where SessionBlockedCount > SuccessfulAccessCount
  | extend BlockvsSuccessRatio = SessionBlockedCount/toreal(SuccessfulAccessCount)
  | sort by BlockvsSuccessRatio desc, SessionBlockedStarted asc
  | project-reorder SessionBlockedStarted, SessionBlockedEnded, hostname_s, clientIp_s, SessionBlockedCount, SuccessfulAccessCount, BlockvsSuccessRatio, SuccessCodes, RequestURIs, OriginalRequestURIs, UserAgents  
triggerOperator: gt

ARM

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "workspace": {
      "type": "String"
    }
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "apiVersion": "2024-01-01-preview",
      "id": "[concat(resourceId('Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers', parameters('workspace'), 'Microsoft.SecurityInsights'),'/alertRules/46ac55ae-47b8-414a-8f94-89ccd1962178')]",
      "kind": "Scheduled",
      "name": "[concat(parameters('workspace'),'/Microsoft.SecurityInsights/46ac55ae-47b8-414a-8f94-89ccd1962178')]",
      "properties": {
        "alertRuleTemplateName": "46ac55ae-47b8-414a-8f94-89ccd1962178",
        "customDetails": null,
        "description": "'Detects unobstructed Web Application Firewall (WAF) activity in sessions where the WAF blocked incoming requests by computing the ratio between blocked requests and unobstructed WAF requests in these sessions (BlockvsSuccessRatio metric).\nA high ratio value for a given client IP and hostname calls for further investigation of the WAF data in that session, due to the significantly high number of blocked requests and a few unobstructed logs that may be malicious but have passed undetected through the WAF. The successCode variable defines what the detection thinks is a successful status code and should be altered to fit the environment.'\n",
        "displayName": "A potentially malicious web request was executed against a web server",
        "enabled": true,
        "entityMappings": [
          {
            "entityType": "IP",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "columnName": "clientIp_s",
                "identifier": "Address"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "OriginalUri": "https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF)/Analytic Rules/MaliciousWAFSessions.yaml",
        "query": "let queryperiod = 1d;\nlet mode = dynamic(['Blocked', 'Detected']);\nlet successCode = dynamic(['200', '101','204', '400','504','304','401','500']);\nlet sessionBin = 30m;\nAzureDiagnostics\n| where TimeGenerated > ago(queryperiod)\n| where ResourceProvider == 'MICROSOFT.NETWORK' and Category =~ 'ApplicationGatewayFirewallLog' and action_s in (mode)\n| sort by hostname_s asc, clientIp_s asc, TimeGenerated asc\n| extend SessionBlockedStarted = row_window_session(TimeGenerated, queryperiod, 10m, ((clientIp_s != prev(clientIp_s)) or (hostname_s != prev(hostname_s))))\n| summarize SessionBlockedEnded = max(TimeGenerated), SessionBlockedCount = count() by hostname_s, clientIp_s, SessionBlockedStarted\n| extend TimeKey = range(bin(SessionBlockedStarted, sessionBin), bin(SessionBlockedEnded, sessionBin), sessionBin)\n| mv-expand TimeKey to typeof(datetime)\n| join kind = inner(\n    AzureDiagnostics\n    | where TimeGenerated > ago(queryperiod)\n    | where Category =~ 'ApplicationGatewayAccessLog' and (isempty(httpStatus_d) or httpStatus_d in (successCode))\n    | extend TimeKey = bin(TimeGenerated, sessionBin)\n    | extend hostname_s = coalesce(hostname_s,host_s), clientIp_s = coalesce(clientIp_s,clientIP_s)\n) on TimeKey, hostname_s , clientIp_s\n| where TimeGenerated between (SessionBlockedStarted..SessionBlockedEnded)\n| extend\n    originalRequestUriWithArgs_s = column_ifexists(\"originalRequestUriWithArgs_s\", \"\"),\n    serverStatus_s = column_ifexists(\"serverStatus_s\", \"\")\n| summarize\n    SuccessfulAccessCount = count(),\n    UserAgents = make_set(userAgent_s, 250),\n    RequestURIs = make_set(requestUri_s, 250),\n    OriginalRequestURIs = make_set(originalRequestUriWithArgs_s, 250),\n    SuccessCodes = make_set(httpStatus_d, 250),\n    SuccessCodes_BackendServer = make_set(serverStatus_s, 250),\n    take_any(SessionBlockedEnded, SessionBlockedCount)\n    by hostname_s, clientIp_s, SessionBlockedStarted\n| where SessionBlockedCount > SuccessfulAccessCount\n| extend BlockvsSuccessRatio = SessionBlockedCount/toreal(SuccessfulAccessCount)\n| sort by BlockvsSuccessRatio desc, SessionBlockedStarted asc\n| project-reorder SessionBlockedStarted, SessionBlockedEnded, hostname_s, clientIp_s, SessionBlockedCount, SuccessfulAccessCount, BlockvsSuccessRatio, SuccessCodes, RequestURIs, OriginalRequestURIs, UserAgents\n",
        "queryFrequency": "P1D",
        "queryPeriod": "P1D",
        "severity": "Medium",
        "status": "Available",
        "subTechniques": [],
        "suppressionDuration": "PT1H",
        "suppressionEnabled": false,
        "tactics": [
          "InitialAccess"
        ],
        "techniques": [
          "T1190"
        ],
        "templateVersion": "1.0.5",
        "triggerOperator": "GreaterThan",
        "triggerThreshold": 0
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers/alertRules"
    }
  ]
}