First access credential added to Application or Service Principal where no credential was present

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Id	2cfc3c6e-f424-4b88-9cc9-c89f482d016a
Rulename	First access credential added to Application or Service Principal where no credential was present
Description	This will alert when an admin or app owner account adds a new credential to an Application or Service Principal where there was no previous verify KeyCredential associated. If a threat actor obtains access to an account with sufficient privileges and adds the alternate authentication material triggering this event, the threat actor can now authenticate as the Application or Service Principal using this credential. Additional information on OAuth Credential Grants can be found in RFC 6749 Section 4.4 or https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/active-directory/develop/v2-oauth2-client-creds-grant-flow For further information on AuditLogs please see https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/active-directory/reports-monitoring/reference-audit-activities.
Severity	High
Tactics	DefenseEvasion
Techniques	T1550.001
Required data connectors	AzureActiveDirectory
Kind	Scheduled
Query frequency	1h
Query period	1h
Trigger threshold	0
Trigger operator	gt
Source Uri	https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Azure Active Directory/Analytic Rules/FirstAppOrServicePrincipalCredential.yaml
Version	1.1.3
Arm template	2cfc3c6e-f424-4b88-9cc9-c89f482d016a.json

KQL

AuditLogs
| where OperationName has_any ("Add service principal", "Certificates and secrets management") // captures "Add service principal", "Add service principal credentials", and "Update application - Certificates and secrets management" events
| where Result =~ "success"
| where tostring(InitiatedBy.user.userPrincipalName) has "@" or tostring(InitiatedBy.app.displayName) has "@"
| mv-apply TargetResource = TargetResources on 
  (
      where TargetResource.type =~ "Application"
      | extend targetDisplayName = tostring(TargetResource.displayName),
               targetId = tostring(TargetResource.id),
               targetType = tostring(TargetResource.type),
               keyEvents = TargetResource.modifiedProperties
  )
| mv-apply Property = keyEvents on 
  (
      where Property.displayName =~ "KeyDescription"
      | extend new_value_set = parse_json(tostring(Property.newValue)),
               old_value_set = parse_json(tostring(Property.oldValue))
  )
| where old_value_set == "[]"  
| mv-expand new_value_set
| parse new_value_set with * "KeyIdentifier=" keyIdentifier:string ",KeyType=" keyType:string ",KeyUsage=" keyUsage:string ",DisplayName=" keyDisplayName:string "]" *
| where keyUsage =~ "Verify"
| mv-apply AdditionalDetail = AdditionalDetails on 
  (
      where AdditionalDetail.key =~ "User-Agent"
      | extend UserAgent = tostring(AdditionalDetail.value)
  )
| extend InitiatingUserOrApp = iff(isnotempty(InitiatedBy.user.userPrincipalName),tostring(InitiatedBy.user.userPrincipalName), tostring(InitiatedBy.app.displayName))
| extend InitiatingIpAddress = iff(isnotempty(InitiatedBy.user.ipAddress), tostring(InitiatedBy.user.ipAddress), tostring(InitiatedBy.app.ipAddress))
// The below line is currently commented out but Microsoft Sentinel users can modify this query to show only Application or only Service Principal events in their environment
  | project-away new_value_set, old_value_set
| project-reorder TimeGenerated, OperationName, InitiatingUserOrApp, InitiatingIpAddress, UserAgent, targetDisplayName, targetId, targetType, keyDisplayName, keyType, keyUsage, keyIdentifier, CorrelationId, TenantId
| extend timestamp = TimeGenerated, Name = tostring(split(InitiatingUserOrApp,'@',0)[0]), UPNSuffix = tostring(split(InitiatingUserOrApp,'@',1)[0])

YAML

queryFrequency: 1h
triggerOperator: gt
tactics:
- DefenseEvasion
description: |
  'This will alert when an admin or app owner account adds a new credential to an Application or Service Principal where there was no previous verify KeyCredential associated.
  If a threat actor obtains access to an account with sufficient privileges and adds the alternate authentication material triggering this event, the threat actor can now authenticate as the Application or Service Principal using this credential.
  Additional information on OAuth Credential Grants can be found in RFC 6749 Section 4.4 or https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/active-directory/develop/v2-oauth2-client-creds-grant-flow
  For further information on AuditLogs please see https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/active-directory/reports-monitoring/reference-audit-activities.'  
status: Available
relevantTechniques:
- T1550.001
name: First access credential added to Application or Service Principal where no credential was present
OriginalUri: https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Azure Active Directory/Analytic Rules/FirstAppOrServicePrincipalCredential.yaml
severity: High
triggerThreshold: 0
version: 1.1.3
entityMappings:
- entityType: Account
  fieldMappings:
  - identifier: Name
    columnName: Name
  - identifier: UPNSuffix
    columnName: UPNSuffix
- entityType: IP
  fieldMappings:
  - identifier: Address
    columnName: InitiatingIpAddress
tags:
- Solorigate
- NOBELIUM
id: 2cfc3c6e-f424-4b88-9cc9-c89f482d016a
requiredDataConnectors:
- connectorId: AzureActiveDirectory
  dataTypes:
  - AuditLogs
kind: Scheduled
query: |
  AuditLogs
  | where OperationName has_any ("Add service principal", "Certificates and secrets management") // captures "Add service principal", "Add service principal credentials", and "Update application - Certificates and secrets management" events
  | where Result =~ "success"
  | where tostring(InitiatedBy.user.userPrincipalName) has "@" or tostring(InitiatedBy.app.displayName) has "@"
  | mv-apply TargetResource = TargetResources on 
    (
        where TargetResource.type =~ "Application"
        | extend targetDisplayName = tostring(TargetResource.displayName),
                 targetId = tostring(TargetResource.id),
                 targetType = tostring(TargetResource.type),
                 keyEvents = TargetResource.modifiedProperties
    )
  | mv-apply Property = keyEvents on 
    (
        where Property.displayName =~ "KeyDescription"
        | extend new_value_set = parse_json(tostring(Property.newValue)),
                 old_value_set = parse_json(tostring(Property.oldValue))
    )
  | where old_value_set == "[]"  
  | mv-expand new_value_set
  | parse new_value_set with * "KeyIdentifier=" keyIdentifier:string ",KeyType=" keyType:string ",KeyUsage=" keyUsage:string ",DisplayName=" keyDisplayName:string "]" *
  | where keyUsage =~ "Verify"
  | mv-apply AdditionalDetail = AdditionalDetails on 
    (
        where AdditionalDetail.key =~ "User-Agent"
        | extend UserAgent = tostring(AdditionalDetail.value)
    )
  | extend InitiatingUserOrApp = iff(isnotempty(InitiatedBy.user.userPrincipalName),tostring(InitiatedBy.user.userPrincipalName), tostring(InitiatedBy.app.displayName))
  | extend InitiatingIpAddress = iff(isnotempty(InitiatedBy.user.ipAddress), tostring(InitiatedBy.user.ipAddress), tostring(InitiatedBy.app.ipAddress))
  // The below line is currently commented out but Microsoft Sentinel users can modify this query to show only Application or only Service Principal events in their environment
    | project-away new_value_set, old_value_set
  | project-reorder TimeGenerated, OperationName, InitiatingUserOrApp, InitiatingIpAddress, UserAgent, targetDisplayName, targetId, targetType, keyDisplayName, keyType, keyUsage, keyIdentifier, CorrelationId, TenantId
  | extend timestamp = TimeGenerated, Name = tostring(split(InitiatingUserOrApp,'@',0)[0]), UPNSuffix = tostring(split(InitiatingUserOrApp,'@',1)[0])  
queryPeriod: 1h

ARM

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "workspace": {
      "type": "String"
    }
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "id": "[concat(resourceId('Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers', parameters('workspace'), 'Microsoft.SecurityInsights'),'/alertRules/2cfc3c6e-f424-4b88-9cc9-c89f482d016a')]",
      "name": "[concat(parameters('workspace'),'/Microsoft.SecurityInsights/2cfc3c6e-f424-4b88-9cc9-c89f482d016a')]",
      "type": "Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers/alertRules",
      "kind": "Scheduled",
      "apiVersion": "2022-11-01",
      "properties": {
        "displayName": "First access credential added to Application or Service Principal where no credential was present",
        "description": "'This will alert when an admin or app owner account adds a new credential to an Application or Service Principal where there was no previous verify KeyCredential associated.\nIf a threat actor obtains access to an account with sufficient privileges and adds the alternate authentication material triggering this event, the threat actor can now authenticate as the Application or Service Principal using this credential.\nAdditional information on OAuth Credential Grants can be found in RFC 6749 Section 4.4 or https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/active-directory/develop/v2-oauth2-client-creds-grant-flow\nFor further information on AuditLogs please see https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/active-directory/reports-monitoring/reference-audit-activities.'\n",
        "severity": "High",
        "enabled": true,
        "query": "AuditLogs\n| where OperationName has_any (\"Add service principal\", \"Certificates and secrets management\") // captures \"Add service principal\", \"Add service principal credentials\", and \"Update application - Certificates and secrets management\" events\n| where Result =~ \"success\"\n| where tostring(InitiatedBy.user.userPrincipalName) has \"@\" or tostring(InitiatedBy.app.displayName) has \"@\"\n| mv-apply TargetResource = TargetResources on \n  (\n      where TargetResource.type =~ \"Application\"\n      | extend targetDisplayName = tostring(TargetResource.displayName),\n               targetId = tostring(TargetResource.id),\n               targetType = tostring(TargetResource.type),\n               keyEvents = TargetResource.modifiedProperties\n  )\n| mv-apply Property = keyEvents on \n  (\n      where Property.displayName =~ \"KeyDescription\"\n      | extend new_value_set = parse_json(tostring(Property.newValue)),\n               old_value_set = parse_json(tostring(Property.oldValue))\n  )\n| where old_value_set == \"[]\"  \n| mv-expand new_value_set\n| parse new_value_set with * \"KeyIdentifier=\" keyIdentifier:string \",KeyType=\" keyType:string \",KeyUsage=\" keyUsage:string \",DisplayName=\" keyDisplayName:string \"]\" *\n| where keyUsage =~ \"Verify\"\n| mv-apply AdditionalDetail = AdditionalDetails on \n  (\n      where AdditionalDetail.key =~ \"User-Agent\"\n      | extend UserAgent = tostring(AdditionalDetail.value)\n  )\n| extend InitiatingUserOrApp = iff(isnotempty(InitiatedBy.user.userPrincipalName),tostring(InitiatedBy.user.userPrincipalName), tostring(InitiatedBy.app.displayName))\n| extend InitiatingIpAddress = iff(isnotempty(InitiatedBy.user.ipAddress), tostring(InitiatedBy.user.ipAddress), tostring(InitiatedBy.app.ipAddress))\n// The below line is currently commented out but Microsoft Sentinel users can modify this query to show only Application or only Service Principal events in their environment\n  | project-away new_value_set, old_value_set\n| project-reorder TimeGenerated, OperationName, InitiatingUserOrApp, InitiatingIpAddress, UserAgent, targetDisplayName, targetId, targetType, keyDisplayName, keyType, keyUsage, keyIdentifier, CorrelationId, TenantId\n| extend timestamp = TimeGenerated, Name = tostring(split(InitiatingUserOrApp,'@',0)[0]), UPNSuffix = tostring(split(InitiatingUserOrApp,'@',1)[0])\n",
        "queryFrequency": "PT1H",
        "queryPeriod": "PT1H",
        "triggerOperator": "GreaterThan",
        "triggerThreshold": 0,
        "suppressionDuration": "PT1H",
        "suppressionEnabled": false,
        "tactics": [
          "DefenseEvasion"
        ],
        "techniques": [
          "T1550.001"
        ],
        "alertRuleTemplateName": "2cfc3c6e-f424-4b88-9cc9-c89f482d016a",
        "customDetails": null,
        "entityMappings": [
          {
            "entityType": "Account",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "identifier": "Name",
                "columnName": "Name"
              },
              {
                "identifier": "UPNSuffix",
                "columnName": "UPNSuffix"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "entityType": "IP",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "identifier": "Address",
                "columnName": "InitiatingIpAddress"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "OriginalUri": "https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Azure Active Directory/Analytic Rules/FirstAppOrServicePrincipalCredential.yaml",
        "status": "Available",
        "tags": [
          "Solorigate",
          "NOBELIUM"
        ],
        "templateVersion": "1.1.3"
      }
    }
  ]
}