Firewall errors stateful anomaly on database
| Id | 20f87813-3de0-4a9f-a8c0-6aaa3187be08 |
| Rulename | Firewall errors stateful anomaly on database |
| Description | This query batches of distinct SQL queries that failed with error codes that might indicate malicious attempts to gain illegitimate access to the data. When attacker attempts to scan or gain access to server protected by firewall, he will be blocked by firewall and fail with error code 40615. Thus, if we see a large number of logins with such error codes, this could indicate attempts to gain access. |
| Severity | Medium |
| Tactics | InitialAccess |
| Techniques | T1190 |
| Required data connectors | AzureSql |
| Kind | Scheduled |
| Query frequency | 1h |
| Query period | 14d |
| Trigger threshold | 0 |
| Trigger operator | gt |
| Source Uri | https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Azure SQL Database solution for sentinel/Analytic Rules/Detection-ErrorsFirewallStatefulAnomalyOnDatabase.yaml |
| Version | 1.1.1 |
| Arm template | 20f87813-3de0-4a9f-a8c0-6aaa3187be08.json |
let monitoredStatementsThreshold = 1; // Minimal number of monitored statements in the slice to trigger an anomaly.
let trainingSlicesThreshold = 5; // The maximal amount of slices with monitored statements in the training window before anomaly detection is throttled.
let timeSliceSize = 1h; // The size of the single timeSlice for individual aggregation.
let detectionWindow = 1h; // The size of the recent detection window for detecting anomalies.
let trainingWindow = detectionWindow + 14d; // The size of the training window before the detection window for learning the normal state.
let monitoredErrors = pack_array(40615); // List of sql error codes relevant for this detection.
let processedData = materialize (
AzureDiagnostics
| where TimeGenerated >= ago(trainingWindow)
| where Category == 'SQLSecurityAuditEvents' and action_id_s has_any ("RCM", "BCM") // Keep only SQL affected rows
| project TimeGenerated, PrincipalName = server_principal_name_s, ClientIp = client_ip_s, HostName = host_name_s, ResourceId,
ApplicationName = application_name_s, ActionName = action_name_s, Database = strcat(LogicalServerName_s, '/', database_name_s),
IsSuccess = succeeded_s, AffectedRows = affected_rows_d,
ResponseRows = response_rows_d, Statement = statement_s,
Error = case( additional_information_s has 'error_code', toint(extract("<error_code>([0-9.]+)", 1, additional_information_s))
, additional_information_s has 'failure_reason', toint(extract("<failure_reason>Err ([0-9.]+)", 1, additional_information_s))
, 0),
State = case( additional_information_s has 'error_state', toint(extract("<error_state>([0-9.]+)", 1, additional_information_s))
, additional_information_s has 'failure_reason', toint(extract("<failure_reason>Err ([0-9.]+), Level ([0-9.]+)", 2, additional_information_s))
, 0),
AdditionalInfo = additional_information_s, timeSlice = floor(TimeGenerated, timeSliceSize)
| summarize countEvents = count(), countStatements = dcount(Statement), countStatementsWithError = dcountif(Statement, Error in (monitoredErrors))
, anyMonitoredStatement = anyif(Statement, Error in (monitoredErrors)), anyInfo = anyif(AdditionalInfo, Error in (monitoredErrors))
by Database, ClientIp, ApplicationName, PrincipalName, timeSlice,HostName,ResourceId
| extend WindowType = case( timeSlice >= ago(detectionWindow), 'detection',
(ago(trainingWindow) <= timeSlice and timeSlice < ago(detectionWindow)), 'training', 'other')
| where WindowType in ('detection', 'training'));
let trainingSet =
processedData
| where WindowType == 'training'
| summarize countSlicesWithErrors = dcountif(timeSlice, countStatementsWithError >= monitoredStatementsThreshold)
by Database;
processedData
| where WindowType == 'detection'
| join kind = inner (trainingSet) on Database
| extend IsErrorAnomalyOnStatement = iff(((countStatementsWithError >= monitoredStatementsThreshold) and (countSlicesWithErrors <= trainingSlicesThreshold)), true, false)
, anomalyScore = round(countStatementsWithError/monitoredStatementsThreshold, 0)
| where IsErrorAnomalyOnStatement == 'true'
| sort by anomalyScore desc, timeSlice desc
| extend Name = tostring(split(PrincipalName,'@',0)[0]), UPNSuffix = tostring(split(PrincipalName,'@',1)[0])
tactics:
- InitialAccess
relevantTechniques:
- T1190
status: Available
severity: Medium
name: Firewall errors stateful anomaly on database
requiredDataConnectors:
- connectorId: AzureSql
dataTypes:
- AzureDiagnostics
query: |
let monitoredStatementsThreshold = 1; // Minimal number of monitored statements in the slice to trigger an anomaly.
let trainingSlicesThreshold = 5; // The maximal amount of slices with monitored statements in the training window before anomaly detection is throttled.
let timeSliceSize = 1h; // The size of the single timeSlice for individual aggregation.
let detectionWindow = 1h; // The size of the recent detection window for detecting anomalies.
let trainingWindow = detectionWindow + 14d; // The size of the training window before the detection window for learning the normal state.
let monitoredErrors = pack_array(40615); // List of sql error codes relevant for this detection.
let processedData = materialize (
AzureDiagnostics
| where TimeGenerated >= ago(trainingWindow)
| where Category == 'SQLSecurityAuditEvents' and action_id_s has_any ("RCM", "BCM") // Keep only SQL affected rows
| project TimeGenerated, PrincipalName = server_principal_name_s, ClientIp = client_ip_s, HostName = host_name_s, ResourceId,
ApplicationName = application_name_s, ActionName = action_name_s, Database = strcat(LogicalServerName_s, '/', database_name_s),
IsSuccess = succeeded_s, AffectedRows = affected_rows_d,
ResponseRows = response_rows_d, Statement = statement_s,
Error = case( additional_information_s has 'error_code', toint(extract("<error_code>([0-9.]+)", 1, additional_information_s))
, additional_information_s has 'failure_reason', toint(extract("<failure_reason>Err ([0-9.]+)", 1, additional_information_s))
, 0),
State = case( additional_information_s has 'error_state', toint(extract("<error_state>([0-9.]+)", 1, additional_information_s))
, additional_information_s has 'failure_reason', toint(extract("<failure_reason>Err ([0-9.]+), Level ([0-9.]+)", 2, additional_information_s))
, 0),
AdditionalInfo = additional_information_s, timeSlice = floor(TimeGenerated, timeSliceSize)
| summarize countEvents = count(), countStatements = dcount(Statement), countStatementsWithError = dcountif(Statement, Error in (monitoredErrors))
, anyMonitoredStatement = anyif(Statement, Error in (monitoredErrors)), anyInfo = anyif(AdditionalInfo, Error in (monitoredErrors))
by Database, ClientIp, ApplicationName, PrincipalName, timeSlice,HostName,ResourceId
| extend WindowType = case( timeSlice >= ago(detectionWindow), 'detection',
(ago(trainingWindow) <= timeSlice and timeSlice < ago(detectionWindow)), 'training', 'other')
| where WindowType in ('detection', 'training'));
let trainingSet =
processedData
| where WindowType == 'training'
| summarize countSlicesWithErrors = dcountif(timeSlice, countStatementsWithError >= monitoredStatementsThreshold)
by Database;
processedData
| where WindowType == 'detection'
| join kind = inner (trainingSet) on Database
| extend IsErrorAnomalyOnStatement = iff(((countStatementsWithError >= monitoredStatementsThreshold) and (countSlicesWithErrors <= trainingSlicesThreshold)), true, false)
, anomalyScore = round(countStatementsWithError/monitoredStatementsThreshold, 0)
| where IsErrorAnomalyOnStatement == 'true'
| sort by anomalyScore desc, timeSlice desc
| extend Name = tostring(split(PrincipalName,'@',0)[0]), UPNSuffix = tostring(split(PrincipalName,'@',1)[0])
id: 20f87813-3de0-4a9f-a8c0-6aaa3187be08
queryPeriod: 14d
entityMappings:
- entityType: Account
fieldMappings:
- identifier: Name
columnName: Name
- identifier: UPNSuffix
columnName: UPNSuffix
- entityType: IP
fieldMappings:
- identifier: Address
columnName: ClientIp
- entityType: Host
fieldMappings:
- identifier: HostName
columnName: HostName
- entityType: CloudApplication
fieldMappings:
- identifier: Name
columnName: ApplicationName
- entityType: AzureResource
fieldMappings:
- identifier: ResourceId
columnName: ResourceId
tags:
- SQL
triggerOperator: gt
triggerThreshold: 0
description: |
'This query batches of distinct SQL queries that failed with error codes that might indicate malicious attempts to gain illegitimate access to the data. When attacker attempts to scan or gain access to server protected by firewall, he will be blocked by firewall and fail with error code 40615. Thus, if we see a large number of logins with such error codes, this could indicate attempts to gain access.'
version: 1.1.1
OriginalUri: https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Azure SQL Database solution for sentinel/Analytic Rules/Detection-ErrorsFirewallStatefulAnomalyOnDatabase.yaml
queryFrequency: 1h
kind: Scheduled
{
"$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
"contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
"parameters": {
"workspace": {
"type": "String"
}
},
"resources": [
{
"apiVersion": "2024-01-01-preview",
"id": "[concat(resourceId('Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers', parameters('workspace'), 'Microsoft.SecurityInsights'),'/alertRules/20f87813-3de0-4a9f-a8c0-6aaa3187be08')]",
"kind": "Scheduled",
"name": "[concat(parameters('workspace'),'/Microsoft.SecurityInsights/20f87813-3de0-4a9f-a8c0-6aaa3187be08')]",
"properties": {
"alertRuleTemplateName": "20f87813-3de0-4a9f-a8c0-6aaa3187be08",
"customDetails": null,
"description": "'This query batches of distinct SQL queries that failed with error codes that might indicate malicious attempts to gain illegitimate access to the data. When attacker attempts to scan or gain access to server protected by firewall, he will be blocked by firewall and fail with error code 40615. Thus, if we see a large number of logins with such error codes, this could indicate attempts to gain access.'\n",
"displayName": "Firewall errors stateful anomaly on database",
"enabled": true,
"entityMappings": [
{
"entityType": "Account",
"fieldMappings": [
{
"columnName": "Name",
"identifier": "Name"
},
{
"columnName": "UPNSuffix",
"identifier": "UPNSuffix"
}
]
},
{
"entityType": "IP",
"fieldMappings": [
{
"columnName": "ClientIp",
"identifier": "Address"
}
]
},
{
"entityType": "Host",
"fieldMappings": [
{
"columnName": "HostName",
"identifier": "HostName"
}
]
},
{
"entityType": "CloudApplication",
"fieldMappings": [
{
"columnName": "ApplicationName",
"identifier": "Name"
}
]
},
{
"entityType": "AzureResource",
"fieldMappings": [
{
"columnName": "ResourceId",
"identifier": "ResourceId"
}
]
}
],
"OriginalUri": "https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/Azure SQL Database solution for sentinel/Analytic Rules/Detection-ErrorsFirewallStatefulAnomalyOnDatabase.yaml",
"query": "let monitoredStatementsThreshold = 1; // Minimal number of monitored statements in the slice to trigger an anomaly.\nlet trainingSlicesThreshold = 5; // The maximal amount of slices with monitored statements in the training window before anomaly detection is throttled.\nlet timeSliceSize = 1h; // The size of the single timeSlice for individual aggregation.\nlet detectionWindow = 1h; // The size of the recent detection window for detecting anomalies. \nlet trainingWindow = detectionWindow + 14d; // The size of the training window before the detection window for learning the normal state.\nlet monitoredErrors = pack_array(40615); // List of sql error codes relevant for this detection.\nlet processedData = materialize (\n AzureDiagnostics\n | where TimeGenerated >= ago(trainingWindow)\n | where Category == 'SQLSecurityAuditEvents' and action_id_s has_any (\"RCM\", \"BCM\") // Keep only SQL affected rows\n | project TimeGenerated, PrincipalName = server_principal_name_s, ClientIp = client_ip_s, HostName = host_name_s, ResourceId,\n ApplicationName = application_name_s, ActionName = action_name_s, Database = strcat(LogicalServerName_s, '/', database_name_s),\n IsSuccess = succeeded_s, AffectedRows = affected_rows_d,\n ResponseRows = response_rows_d, Statement = statement_s,\n Error = case( additional_information_s has 'error_code', toint(extract(\"<error_code>([0-9.]+)\", 1, additional_information_s))\n , additional_information_s has 'failure_reason', toint(extract(\"<failure_reason>Err ([0-9.]+)\", 1, additional_information_s))\n , 0),\n State = case( additional_information_s has 'error_state', toint(extract(\"<error_state>([0-9.]+)\", 1, additional_information_s))\n , additional_information_s has 'failure_reason', toint(extract(\"<failure_reason>Err ([0-9.]+), Level ([0-9.]+)\", 2, additional_information_s))\n , 0),\n AdditionalInfo = additional_information_s, timeSlice = floor(TimeGenerated, timeSliceSize)\n | summarize countEvents = count(), countStatements = dcount(Statement), countStatementsWithError = dcountif(Statement, Error in (monitoredErrors))\n , anyMonitoredStatement = anyif(Statement, Error in (monitoredErrors)), anyInfo = anyif(AdditionalInfo, Error in (monitoredErrors))\n by Database, ClientIp, ApplicationName, PrincipalName, timeSlice,HostName,ResourceId\n | extend WindowType = case( timeSlice >= ago(detectionWindow), 'detection',\n (ago(trainingWindow) <= timeSlice and timeSlice < ago(detectionWindow)), 'training', 'other')\n | where WindowType in ('detection', 'training'));\nlet trainingSet =\n processedData\n | where WindowType == 'training'\n | summarize countSlicesWithErrors = dcountif(timeSlice, countStatementsWithError >= monitoredStatementsThreshold)\n by Database;\nprocessedData\n| where WindowType == 'detection' \n| join kind = inner (trainingSet) on Database\n| extend IsErrorAnomalyOnStatement = iff(((countStatementsWithError >= monitoredStatementsThreshold) and (countSlicesWithErrors <= trainingSlicesThreshold)), true, false)\n , anomalyScore = round(countStatementsWithError/monitoredStatementsThreshold, 0)\n| where IsErrorAnomalyOnStatement == 'true'\n| sort by anomalyScore desc, timeSlice desc\n| extend Name = tostring(split(PrincipalName,'@',0)[0]), UPNSuffix = tostring(split(PrincipalName,'@',1)[0]) \n",
"queryFrequency": "PT1H",
"queryPeriod": "P14D",
"severity": "Medium",
"status": "Available",
"subTechniques": [],
"suppressionDuration": "PT1H",
"suppressionEnabled": false,
"tactics": [
"InitialAccess"
],
"tags": [
"SQL"
],
"techniques": [
"T1190"
],
"templateVersion": "1.1.1",
"triggerOperator": "GreaterThan",
"triggerThreshold": 0
},
"type": "Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers/alertRules"
}
]
}