Possible AiTM Phishing Attempt Against Microsoft Entra ID

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Id	16daa67c-b137-48dc-8eb7-76598a44791a
Rulename	Possible AiTM Phishing Attempt Against Microsoft Entra ID
Description	Threat actors may attempt to phish users in order to hijack a users sign-in session, and skip the authentication process even if the user had enabled multifactor authentication (MFA) by stealing and replaying stolen credentials and session cookies. This detection looks for successful Microsoft Entra ID sign ins that had a high risk profile, indicating it had suspicious characteristics such as an unusual location, ISP, user agent, or use of anonymizer services. It then looks for a network connection to the IP address that made the sign in immediately before the sign in, that may indicate a user connecting to a phishing site at that IP address and having their authentication session hijacked. Ref: https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/07/12/from-cookie-theft-to-bec-attackers-use-aitm-phishing-sites-as-entry-point-to-further-financial-fraud/
Severity	Medium
Tactics	InitialAccess DefenseEvasion CredentialAccess
Techniques	T1078.004 T1557 T1111
Required data connectors	AzureActiveDirectory Zscaler
Kind	Scheduled
Query frequency	1h
Query period	1d
Trigger threshold	0
Trigger operator	gt
Source Uri	https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/SecurityThreatEssentialSolution/Analytic Rules/PossibleAiTMPhishingAttemptAgainstAAD.yaml
Version	1.0.4
Arm template	16daa67c-b137-48dc-8eb7-76598a44791a.json

KQL

let time_threshold = 10m;
let RiskySignins = materialize (SigninLogs
| where TimeGenerated > ago(1d)
| where ResultType == 0
| where RiskLevelDuringSignIn =~ "high" or RiskLevelAggregated =~ "high"
| extend SignInTime = TimeGenerated, Name=split(UserPrincipalName, "@")[0], UPNSuffix=split(UserPrincipalName, "@")[1]);
let ips = todynamic(toscalar(RiskySignins | summarize make_list(IPAddress)));
RiskySignins
| join kind=inner (_Im_WebSession(starttime=ago(1d), ipaddr_has_any_prefix=ips, eventresult="Success", pack=True))
on $left.IPAddress == $right.DstIpAddr
| where EventStartTime < TimeGenerated
| extend TimeDelta = TimeGenerated - EventStartTime
| where TimeDelta <= time_threshold
| extend NetworkEventStartTime = EventStartTime, NetworkEventEndTime = EventEndTime
| extend SrcUsername = column_ifexists("SrcUsername", "Unknown")
| project-reorder SignInTime, UserPrincipalName, IPAddress, AppDisplayName, ClientAppUsed, DeviceDetail, LocationDetails, NetworkLocationDetails, RiskEventTypes, UserAgent, NetworkEventStartTime, NetworkEventEndTime, SrcIpAddr, DstIpAddr, DstPortNumber, Dvc, DvcHostname, SrcBytes, NetworkProtocol, SrcUsername

YAML

relevantTechniques:
- T1078.004
- T1557
- T1111
name: Possible AiTM Phishing Attempt Against Microsoft Entra ID
requiredDataConnectors:
- dataTypes:
  - SigninLogs
  connectorId: AzureActiveDirectory
- dataTypes:
  - CommonSecurityLog (Zscaler)
  connectorId: Zscaler
entityMappings:
- fieldMappings:
  - identifier: Name
    columnName: Name
  - identifier: UPNSuffix
    columnName: UPNSuffix
  entityType: Account
- fieldMappings:
  - identifier: Address
    columnName: IPAddress
  entityType: IP
triggerThreshold: 0
id: 16daa67c-b137-48dc-8eb7-76598a44791a
tactics:
- InitialAccess
- DefenseEvasion
- CredentialAccess
version: 1.0.4
alertDetailsOverride:
  alertDisplayNameFormat: Possible AiTM Phishing Attempt Against {{UserPrincipalName}} From {{IPAddress}}
  alertDescriptionFormat: |
    Threat actors may attempt to phish users in order to hijack a users sign-in session, and skip the authentication process even if the user had enabled multifactor authentication (MFA) by stealing and replaying stolen credentials and session cookies.
    This detection looks for successful Microsoft Entra ID sign ins (in this case from {{UserPrincipalName}}) that had a high risk profile, indicating it had suspicious characteristics such as an unusual location, ISP, user agent, or use of anonymizer services.
    It then looks for a network connection to the IP address (in this case {{IPAddress}}) that made the sign in immediately before the sign in, that may indicate a user connecting to a phishing site at that IP address and having their authentication session hijacked.
    Ref: https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/07/12/from-cookie-theft-to-bec-attackers-use-aitm-phishing-sites-as-entry-point-to-further-financial-fraud/    
queryPeriod: 1d
kind: Scheduled
OriginalUri: https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/SecurityThreatEssentialSolution/Analytic Rules/PossibleAiTMPhishingAttemptAgainstAAD.yaml
queryFrequency: 1h
severity: Medium
status: Available
description: |
  'Threat actors may attempt to phish users in order to hijack a users sign-in session, and skip the authentication process even if the user had enabled multifactor authentication (MFA) by stealing and replaying stolen credentials and session cookies.
  This detection looks for successful Microsoft Entra ID sign ins that had a high risk profile, indicating it had suspicious characteristics such as an unusual location, ISP, user agent, or use of anonymizer services.
  It then looks for a network connection to the IP address that made the sign in immediately before the sign in, that may indicate a user connecting to a phishing site at that IP address and having their authentication session hijacked.
  Ref: https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/07/12/from-cookie-theft-to-bec-attackers-use-aitm-phishing-sites-as-entry-point-to-further-financial-fraud/'  
query: |
  let time_threshold = 10m;
  let RiskySignins = materialize (SigninLogs
  | where TimeGenerated > ago(1d)
  | where ResultType == 0
  | where RiskLevelDuringSignIn =~ "high" or RiskLevelAggregated =~ "high"
  | extend SignInTime = TimeGenerated, Name=split(UserPrincipalName, "@")[0], UPNSuffix=split(UserPrincipalName, "@")[1]);
  let ips = todynamic(toscalar(RiskySignins | summarize make_list(IPAddress)));
  RiskySignins
  | join kind=inner (_Im_WebSession(starttime=ago(1d), ipaddr_has_any_prefix=ips, eventresult="Success", pack=True))
  on $left.IPAddress == $right.DstIpAddr
  | where EventStartTime < TimeGenerated
  | extend TimeDelta = TimeGenerated - EventStartTime
  | where TimeDelta <= time_threshold
  | extend NetworkEventStartTime = EventStartTime, NetworkEventEndTime = EventEndTime
  | extend SrcUsername = column_ifexists("SrcUsername", "Unknown")
  | project-reorder SignInTime, UserPrincipalName, IPAddress, AppDisplayName, ClientAppUsed, DeviceDetail, LocationDetails, NetworkLocationDetails, RiskEventTypes, UserAgent, NetworkEventStartTime, NetworkEventEndTime, SrcIpAddr, DstIpAddr, DstPortNumber, Dvc, DvcHostname, SrcBytes, NetworkProtocol, SrcUsername  
triggerOperator: gt

ARM

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "workspace": {
      "type": "String"
    }
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "apiVersion": "2024-01-01-preview",
      "id": "[concat(resourceId('Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers', parameters('workspace'), 'Microsoft.SecurityInsights'),'/alertRules/16daa67c-b137-48dc-8eb7-76598a44791a')]",
      "kind": "Scheduled",
      "name": "[concat(parameters('workspace'),'/Microsoft.SecurityInsights/16daa67c-b137-48dc-8eb7-76598a44791a')]",
      "properties": {
        "alertDetailsOverride": {
          "alertDescriptionFormat": "Threat actors may attempt to phish users in order to hijack a users sign-in session, and skip the authentication process even if the user had enabled multifactor authentication (MFA) by stealing and replaying stolen credentials and session cookies.\nThis detection looks for successful Microsoft Entra ID sign ins (in this case from {{UserPrincipalName}}) that had a high risk profile, indicating it had suspicious characteristics such as an unusual location, ISP, user agent, or use of anonymizer services.\nIt then looks for a network connection to the IP address (in this case {{IPAddress}}) that made the sign in immediately before the sign in, that may indicate a user connecting to a phishing site at that IP address and having their authentication session hijacked.\nRef: https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/07/12/from-cookie-theft-to-bec-attackers-use-aitm-phishing-sites-as-entry-point-to-further-financial-fraud/\n",
          "alertDisplayNameFormat": "Possible AiTM Phishing Attempt Against {{UserPrincipalName}} From {{IPAddress}}"
        },
        "alertRuleTemplateName": "16daa67c-b137-48dc-8eb7-76598a44791a",
        "customDetails": null,
        "description": "'Threat actors may attempt to phish users in order to hijack a users sign-in session, and skip the authentication process even if the user had enabled multifactor authentication (MFA) by stealing and replaying stolen credentials and session cookies.\nThis detection looks for successful Microsoft Entra ID sign ins that had a high risk profile, indicating it had suspicious characteristics such as an unusual location, ISP, user agent, or use of anonymizer services.\nIt then looks for a network connection to the IP address that made the sign in immediately before the sign in, that may indicate a user connecting to a phishing site at that IP address and having their authentication session hijacked.\nRef: https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/07/12/from-cookie-theft-to-bec-attackers-use-aitm-phishing-sites-as-entry-point-to-further-financial-fraud/'\n",
        "displayName": "Possible AiTM Phishing Attempt Against Microsoft Entra ID",
        "enabled": true,
        "entityMappings": [
          {
            "entityType": "Account",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "columnName": "Name",
                "identifier": "Name"
              },
              {
                "columnName": "UPNSuffix",
                "identifier": "UPNSuffix"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "entityType": "IP",
            "fieldMappings": [
              {
                "columnName": "IPAddress",
                "identifier": "Address"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "OriginalUri": "https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Solutions/SecurityThreatEssentialSolution/Analytic Rules/PossibleAiTMPhishingAttemptAgainstAAD.yaml",
        "query": "let time_threshold = 10m;\nlet RiskySignins = materialize (SigninLogs\n| where TimeGenerated > ago(1d)\n| where ResultType == 0\n| where RiskLevelDuringSignIn =~ \"high\" or RiskLevelAggregated =~ \"high\"\n| extend SignInTime = TimeGenerated, Name=split(UserPrincipalName, \"@\")[0], UPNSuffix=split(UserPrincipalName, \"@\")[1]);\nlet ips = todynamic(toscalar(RiskySignins | summarize make_list(IPAddress)));\nRiskySignins\n| join kind=inner (_Im_WebSession(starttime=ago(1d), ipaddr_has_any_prefix=ips, eventresult=\"Success\", pack=True))\non $left.IPAddress == $right.DstIpAddr\n| where EventStartTime < TimeGenerated\n| extend TimeDelta = TimeGenerated - EventStartTime\n| where TimeDelta <= time_threshold\n| extend NetworkEventStartTime = EventStartTime, NetworkEventEndTime = EventEndTime\n| extend SrcUsername = column_ifexists(\"SrcUsername\", \"Unknown\")\n| project-reorder SignInTime, UserPrincipalName, IPAddress, AppDisplayName, ClientAppUsed, DeviceDetail, LocationDetails, NetworkLocationDetails, RiskEventTypes, UserAgent, NetworkEventStartTime, NetworkEventEndTime, SrcIpAddr, DstIpAddr, DstPortNumber, Dvc, DvcHostname, SrcBytes, NetworkProtocol, SrcUsername\n",
        "queryFrequency": "PT1H",
        "queryPeriod": "P1D",
        "severity": "Medium",
        "status": "Available",
        "subTechniques": [
          "T1078.004"
        ],
        "suppressionDuration": "PT1H",
        "suppressionEnabled": false,
        "tactics": [
          "CredentialAccess",
          "DefenseEvasion",
          "InitialAccess"
        ],
        "techniques": [
          "T1078",
          "T1111",
          "T1557"
        ],
        "templateVersion": "1.0.4",
        "triggerOperator": "GreaterThan",
        "triggerThreshold": 0
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/providers/alertRules"
    }
  ]
}